Abstract
The relationships among government officials, working in the old capital of Japan at the eighth century, were analyzed by using asymmetric multidimensional scaling. The data consist of the relationships of giving guarantee (guarantor) and being given guarantee (warrantee) relationships among 26 government officials in the years 772, 773, and 774. The guarantor and warrantee relationships are inevitably asymmetric, and this is the reason why asymmetric multidimensional scaling was employed in the present analysis. The obtained result shows that while the asymmetry in the guarantor and warrantee relationships is not large, the result along with the result of asymmetric cluster analysis showed who are dominant persons from a standpoint of being guarantors for colleagues. The result also suggests some information on the occupation of the government officials whose occupations are unknown.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Borg, I., & Groenen, P. J. F. (2005). Modern multidimensional scaling: Theory and applications (2 nd ed.). New York: Springer.
Carroll, J. D., & Chang, J. J. (1970). Analysis of individual differences in multidimensional scaling via an N-way generalization of Eckart–Young decomposition. Psychometrika, 35, 283–319.
Harshman, R. A., Green, P. E., Wind, Y., & Lundy, M. E. (1982). A model for the analysis of asymmetric data in marketing research. Marketing Science, 1, 205–242.
Okada, A. (1988). Asymmetric multidimensional scaling of car switching data with constraints on asymmetry. In W. Gaul, & M. Shader (Eds.), Data, expert knowledge and decisions (pp. 229–290). Berlin: Springer.
Okada, A. (2000). An symmetric cluster analysis study of car switching data. In W. Gaul, O. Opitz, & M. Shader (Eds.), Data analysis: Scientific modeling and practical application (pp. 495–504). Berlin: Springer.
Okada, A., & Imaizumi, T. (1997). Asymmetric multidimensional scaling of two-mode three-way asymmetric proximities. Journal of Classification, 14, 195–224.
Okada, A., & Imaizumi, T. (2000). Two-mode three-way asymmetric multidimensional scaling with constraints on asymmetry. In R. Decker, & W. Gaul (Eds.), Classification and information processing at the turn of the millennium (pp. 495–502). Berlin: Springer.
Okada, A., & Imaizumi, T. (2003). Two-mode three-way nonmetric multidimensional scaling with different directions of asymmetry for different sources. In H. Yanai, A. Okada, K. Shigemasu, Y. Kano, & J. J. Meulman (Eds.), New Developments in psychometrics (pp. 52–59). Berlin: Springer.
Okada, A., & Iwamoto, T. (1996). University enrollment flow among the Japanese prefectures: A comparison before and after the Joint First Stage Achievement Test by asymmetric cluster analysis. Behaviormetrika, 23, 169–185.
Sakaehara, T. (1987). People’s life styles in the capital city. In T. Kishi (Ed.), Modes of life in the capital cities (pp. 187–266). Tokyo: Chyuokoron-sha. (In Japanese).
Weeks, D. G., & Bentler, P. M. (1982). Restricted multidimensional scaling models for asymmetric proximities. Psychometrika, 47, 201–208.
Zielman, B., & Heiser, W. J. (1993). Analysis of asymmetry by a slide vector. Psychometrika, 58, 101–114.
Zielman, B., & Heiser, W. J. (1996). Models for asymmetric proximities. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 49, 124–146.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to express their gratitude to Patrick Groenen for his comments while presenting the present study at the 32nd Annual Conference of the German Classification Society. He also indebted to two anonymous referees for their constructive comments on the earlier version of the paper.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Okada, A., Sakaehara, T. (2009). Analysis of Guarantor and Warrantee Relationships Among Government Officials in the Eighth Century in the Old Capital of Japan by Using Asymmetric Multidimensional Scaling. In: Fink, A., Lausen, B., Seidel, W., Ultsch, A. (eds) Advances in Data Analysis, Data Handling and Business Intelligence. Studies in Classification, Data Analysis, and Knowledge Organization. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01044-6_56
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01044-6_56
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-01043-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-01044-6
eBook Packages: Mathematics and StatisticsMathematics and Statistics (R0)