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From Galileo to Modern Cosmology: Alternative Paradigms and Science Boundary Conditions

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Questions of Modern Cosmology

Abstract

This chapter develops along two main lines. On the one hand, it is dedicated to those aspects of fundamental physics in tight relationship with modern cosmology: gravitation and dynamical theories, cosmological constant, and dark matter–energy content, early Universe phases, and the problem of the fundamental constants of physics. On the other hand, we have chosen to include a discussion of the various influences affecting modern astrophysics and cosmology. In fact, the development and the solutions to the fundamental problems of physics cannot be disjoined from the social conditions in which scientists operate.

We start with a tribute to Galileo, based on an interview of historic character with Luisa Pigatto (Sect. 4.2), revisiting his times and his relationship with the cultural environment of Venice, in honor of the memory of the man who contributed so much to the development of the “scientific method,” and that, with his astronomical observations, prompted the first radical revolution of cosmological physics: the transition from the Ptolemaic paradigm to the Copernican view.

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  1. INAF Bologna Ist. Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica (IASF), Via Gobetti, 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy

    Carlo Burigana

  2. Department of Physics, Universitá di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126, Napoli, Italy

    Salvatore Capozziello

  3. Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universià of Padova, Vicolo Osservatorio 3, 35122, Padova, Italy

    Cesare Chiosi

  4. Università di Padova Dipto. Astronomia, Vicolo Osservatorio, 3, 35122, Padova, Italy

    Mauro D’Onofrio

  5. Cavendish Laboratory, Room 918 Rutherford Building, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK

    Malcolm Longair

  6. Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, 06269, Storrs, CT, USA

    Philip Mannheim

  7. INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo Osservatorio 5, 35122, Padova, Italy

    Paola Marziani

  8. Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute, 76100, Rehovot, Israel

    Moti Milgrom

  9. William I, Fine Theoretical Physics Institute, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, 116 Church Street SE, 55455, Minneapolis, MN, USA

    Keith Olive

  10. IUCAA, Post Bag 4, Pune University Campus, 411 007, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India

    Thanu Padmanabhan

  11. Institute for Astronomy, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, EH9 3HJ, Edinburgh, UK

    John Peacock

  12. INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G.B. Tiepolo 11, 34131, Trieste, Italy

    Francesca Perrotta

  13. INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo Osservatorio 5, 35122, Padova, Italy

    Luisa Pigatto

  14. Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, 38200, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

    Rafael Rebolo

  15. Dipartimento di Astronomia, Università di Padova, Vicolo Osservatorio 3, 35122, Padova, Italy

    Luigi Secco

  16. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Box 870324, 35487-0324, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA

    Jack W. Sulentic

  17. Spinoza Instituut, Leuvenlaan 4, Postbus 80.195, 3508, TD Utrecht, The Netherland

    Gerard t’Hooft

  18. Max Planck Institut für Astrophysik, Karl Schwarzschild Straße 1, 85740, Garching, Germany

    Simon D. M. White

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    Burigana, C. et al. (2009). From Galileo to Modern Cosmology: Alternative Paradigms and Science Boundary Conditions. In: D'Onofrio, M., Burigana, C. (eds) Questions of Modern Cosmology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00792-7_4

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