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Centromere pp 53–76Cite as

Centromere-Competent DNA: Structure and Evolution

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Part of the book series: Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology ((PMSB,volume 48))

Abstract

Although extant data favour centromere being an epigenetic structure, it is also clear that centromere formation is based on DNA, in particular, tandemly repeated satellite DNA and its transcripts. Presence of conserved structural motifs within satellite DNAs such as periodically distributed AT tracts, protein binding sites, or promoter elements indicate that despite sequence flexibility, there are structural determinants that are prerequisite for centromere function. In addition, existence of functional centromeric DNA transcripts indicates possible importance of structural elements at the level of RNA secondary or tertiary structure. Rapid centromere evolution is explained by homologous recombination followed by extrachromosomal rolling circle replication. This could lead to amplification of different satellite sequences within a genome. However, only those satellites that have inherent centromere-competence in the form of structural requirements necessary for centromere function are after amplification fixed in a population as a new centromere.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by grant 00982604 from the Croatian Ministry of Science and EU FP6 Marie Curie Transfer of Knowledge Grant MTKD-CT-2006-042248. The author is grateful to Josip Brajković for the help with figures.

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  1. Department of Molecular Biology, Rud¯er Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, HR-10002, Zagreb, Croatia

    Đurd¯ica Ugarković

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    Ugarković, Đ. (2009). Centromere-Competent DNA: Structure and Evolution. In: Ugarkovic, D. (eds) Centromere. Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology, vol 48. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00182-6_3

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