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Gas Exchange and Control of Respiration in Air-Breathing Teleost Fish

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Cardio-Respiratory Control in Vertebrates

Abstract

Atmospheric air at sea level contains 30 times more O2, when compared to fully O2-saturated water and, in addition, the O2 content of water is ever-changing. The gill systems of fish are highly efficient for O2 extraction, but this cannot save the animal if its O2 supply is insufficient. This explains why air-breathing in fish has evolved in at least 60 independent lines. Lungfish and bichirs (Polypteriidae) possess true lungs, whereas other air-breathing organs (ABOs) can be derived from the swimbladder as in the gar pike (Lepidosteus) and the bowfin (Amia). In Hypostomus sp. (Loricariidae) the ABO is a modified part of the digestive system. The functions of gills, ABOs and lungs all depend on surfactants. Aerial breathing increases with activity and/or reduced O2 availability in the water. In addition, increases of temperature result in larger air-breathing efforts. These responses are adjusted by O2 receptors, located in the gills, whereas the role CO2/H+-receptors is minor in actinopterygian fish.

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Acknowledgements

Supported by Fundação de Amparo de Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) and from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Técnologico (CNPq) and Fundação de Apoio ao Ensino, Pesquisa e Assistência do Hospital das Clínicas da FMRP-USP (FAEPA).

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  1. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14.049–900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil

    M. L. Glass

  2. Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Via Washington Luiz, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil

    F. T. Rantin

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  1. Fac. Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirao Preto, 14040-901, Brazil

    Mogens L. Glass

  2. School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, 87131, U.S.A.

    Stephen C. Wood

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Glass, M.L., Rantin, F.T. (2009). Gas Exchange and Control of Respiration in Air-Breathing Teleost Fish. In: Glass, M., Wood, S. (eds) Cardio-Respiratory Control in Vertebrates. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-93985-6_5

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