Abstract
Over the past decade, ontology research has extended into the field of computer programs. The work has sought to define conceptual descriptions of programs in order to master the latter’s design and use. Unfortunately, these efforts have only been partially successful. Here, we present the basis of a Core Ontology of Programs and Software (COPS) which integrates the field’s main concepts. But, above all, we emphasize the method used to build the ontology. Indeed, COPS specializes the DOLCE foundational ontology ([10]) as well as core ontologies of domains (e.g. artefacts, documents) situated on a higher abstraction level. This approach enables us to take into account the “dual nature” of computer programs, which can be considered as both syntactic entities (well-formed expressions in a programming language) and artefacts whose function is to enable computers to process information.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bottazzi, E., Catenacci, C., Gangemi, A., Lehmann, J.: From Collective Intentionality to Intentional Collectives: an Ontological Perspective. In: Cognitive Systems Research, Special Issue on Cognition, Joint Action and Collective Intentionality, vol. 7(2-3), pp. 192–208. Elsevier, Amsterdam (2006)
Bruaux, S., Kassel, G., Morel, G.: An ontological approach to the construction of problem-solving models. In: Clark, P., Schreiber, G. (eds.) 3rd International Conference on Knowledge Capture (K-CAP 2005), pp. 181–182. ACM, New York (2005) A longer version is published as LaRIA’s Research Report 2005-03, http://hal.ccsd.cnrs.fr/ccsd-00005019
Colburn, T.R.: Philosophy and Computer Science. Explorations in Philosophy Series. M.E. Sharpe, New York (2000)
Eden, A.H., Turner, R.: Problems in the Ontology of Computer Programs. Applied Ontology 2(1), 13–36 (2007)
Fortier, J.-Y., Kassel, G.: Managing Knowledge at the Information Level: an Ontological Approach. In: Proceedings of the ECAI 2004 Workshop on Knowledge Management and Organizational Memories, Valencia, Spain, pp. 39–45 (2004)
Gangemi, A., Borgos, S. (eds.): Proceedings of the EKAW 2004 Workshop on Core Ontologies in Ontology Engineering, Northamptonshire (UK), vol. 118 (2004), http://ceur-ws.org
Gangemi, A., Mika, P.: Understanding the Semantic Web through Descriptions and Situations. In: Meersman, R., et al. (eds.) CoopIS 2003, DOA 2003, and ODBASE 2003. LNCS, vol. 2888, pp. 689–706. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)
Kassel, G.: Integration of the DOLCE top-level ontology into the OntoSpec methodology. LaRIA Research Report 2005-08 (2005), http://hal.ccsd.cnrs.fr/ccsd-00012203
Kroes, P., Meijers, A.: The Dual Nature of Thechnical Artifacts – presentation of a new research programme. Techné 6(2), 4–8 (2002)
Masolo, C., Borgo, S., Gangemi, A., Guarino, N., Oltramari, A., Schneider, L.: The WonderWeb Library of Foundational Ontologies and the DOLCE ontology. In: WonderWeb Deliverable D18, final report (vr. 1.0, 31-12-2003) (2003)
Newell, A.: The Knowledge Level. Artificial Intelligence 18, 87–127 (1982)
Niles, I., Pease, A.: Towards a standard upper ontology. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Formal Ontology in Information Systems (FOIS 2001), pp. 2–9. ACM Press, New York (2001)
Oberle, D., Lamparter, S., Grimm, S., Vrandecic, D., Staab, S., Gangemi, A.: Towards Ontologies for Formalizing Modularization and Communication in Large Software Systems. Applied Ontology 1(2), 163–202 (2006)
Roman, D., Keller, U., Lausen, H., de Bruijn, J., Lara, R., Stollberg, M., Polleres, A., Feier, C., Bussler, C., Fensel, D.: Web Service Modeling Ontology. Applied Ontology 1, 77–106 (2005)
Sowa, J.F.: Knowledge Representation: Logical, Philosophical and Computational Foundations. Brooks/Cole (2000)
Steimann, F.: On the representation of roles in object-oriented and conceptual modelling. Data and Knowledge Engineering 35, 83–106 (2000)
Temal, L., Lando, P., Gibaud, B., Dojat, M., Kassel, G., Lapujade, A.: OntoNeuroBase: a multi-layered application ontology in neuroimaging. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop: Formal Ontologies Meet Industry: FOMI 2006, Trento, Italy (2006)
Turner, R., Eden, A.H.: Towards a Programming Language Ontology. In: Dodig-Crnkovic, G., Stuart, S. (eds.) Computation, Information, Cognition – The Nexus and the Liminal, ch. 10, pp. 147–159. Cambridge Scholars Press, Cambridge (2007)
Welty, C.: An Integrated Representation for Software Development and Discovery. Ph.D. Thesis, RPI Computer Science Dept. (July 1995), http://www.cs.vassar.edu/faculty/welty/papers/phd/
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Lando, P., Lapujade, A., Kassel, G., Fürst, F. (2008). An Ontological Investigation in the Field of Computer Programs. In: Filipe, J., Shishkov, B., Helfert, M., Maciaszek, L.A. (eds) Software and Data Technologies. ICSOFT ENASE 2007 2007. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 22. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88655-6_28
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88655-6_28
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-88654-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-88655-6
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)