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Polyelectrolyte Multilayers

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Nanoscience

Abstract

The films known as polyelectrolyte multilayers are made by alternating deposition of polyanions (negatively charged polymers) and polycations (positively charged polymers). The development of these films, invented in the 1990s [1,3], has seen a considerable burst of interest, in particular due to their many applications. Indeed, these films are used to make electroluminescent diodes [4], anti-reflecting surfaces [5], water filtering substrates [6], and substrates for the separation of chiral molecules [7]. The alternating deposition of positive and 12 negative species can also be used to make films with a mechanical strength close to that of steel [8]. Applications to biosensors and especially biomaterials are currently under investigation [9]. This is the last example discussed in the present chapter. Polyelectrolytes are charged polymers, usually soluble in an aqueous solution. When a surface, supposed negatively charged, is set in contact with a solution of polycations (positively charged polyelectrolytes), the chains will immediately interact with the surface via electrostatic interaction and adsorb onto it. Like any other polymer, polyelectrolytes do not adsorb lengthwise against the surface, but form loops and tails. This adsorption is generally irreversible, and replacing the polycation solution by the solvent (water) alone will only lead to very slight desorption. This irreversibility of adsorption results from the formation of many anchoring points with the surfaces along the long polymer chains. Even if the interaction energy between a monomer, the basic building block of the polymer, and a surface is small, the fact that a number of contact points are set up makes the overall interaction between a polymer and a surface rather strong. Furthermore, in order for a chain to desorb, all the anchor points on the surface must be broken simultaneously, and such an event is highly improbable.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut Charles Sadron, Université Louis Pasteur Campus CNRS de Cronenbourg, 23 rue du Loess BP 84047, 67034, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France

    P. Schaaf

  2. INSERM UMR 595, Université Louis Pasteur, 11, rue Humann, 67085, Strasbourg Cedex, France

    J.-C. Voegel

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  1. P. Schaaf
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  2. J.-C. Voegel
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Correspondence to P. Schaaf .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. LETI-MINATEC, CEA, rue des martyrs 17, Grenoble CX 9, 38054, France

    Patrick Boisseau

  2. Université d'Evry, bd. F. Mitterrand, Evry CX, 91025, France

    Philippe Houdy

  3. Dépt. Sciences des Matériaux, Université d'Evry, rue du père Jarlan, Evry CX, 91025, France

    Marcel Lahmani

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Schaaf, P., Voegel, JC. (2009). Polyelectrolyte Multilayers. In: Boisseau, P., Houdy, P., Lahmani, M. (eds) Nanoscience. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88633-4_21

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