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Subduction Zone Geodynamics pp 227–246Cite as

Subduction of an Active Spreading Ridge Beneath Southern South America: A Review of the Cenozoic Geological Records from the Andean Foreland, Central Patagonia (46–47°S)

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Part of the book series: Frontiers in Earth Sciences ((FRONTIERS))

Abstract

The Chile-Argentina Patagonian Cordillera is a natural laboratory to study the interactions between oceanic and continental lithosphere during the subduction of an active spreading ridge beneath a continent. Subduction of the South Chile spreading ridge, which separates the Nazca plate from the Antarctic plate, started around 15–14 Ma at the southern tip of Patagonia. Presently, the southernmost segment of the Chile Ridge enters the Peru-Chile trench at 46°S, at the site of the Chile Triple Junction (CTJ). We review the main events which occurred on land in the CTJ region (46–47°S), related with processes of ridge subduction. We summarize tectonic, sedimentary, and magmatic features in a 30 Ma-to Present chronological table. A preridge subduction stage, from 30 to 15 Ma, is characterized by the onset and growth of Patagonian relief and by a shift from marine to continental detrital sedimentation in the foreland at 20–22 Ma. The change from pre-ridge subduction to ridge subduction is marked on land by a transition from calc-alkaline to alkaline volcanism, at 14–12 Ma, and by the onset of eruption of very large fl ood basalt provinces (future volcanic plateaus) following rapid erosion of the eastern foreland belt. Post-plateau basaltic volcanism (<4 Ma) is coeval with a period of tectonic and morphological rejuvenation during which the eastern foreland of the Cordillera has been affected by extensional/transtensional tectonics. We place these events in the framework of a tectonomagmatic model involving the opening of slab windows due to both slab tear and ridge axis subduction.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CNRS-UMR 5243 Géosciences Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CC 60, Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier Cedex, 5 34095, France

    Bruno Scalabrino, Yves Lagabrielle, Aude de la Rupelle & Jacques Malavieille

  2. OMP, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France

    Mireille Polvé

  3. Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Chile, Correo 21, Santiago, Casilla 13518, Chile

    Felipe Espinoza & Diego Morata

  4. Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería, Avenida Santa María 0104, Santiago, Chile

    Manuel Suarez

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  1. Bruno Scalabrino
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  2. Yves Lagabrielle
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  3. Aude de la Rupelle
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  4. Jacques Malavieille
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  6. Felipe Espinoza
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  7. Diego Morata
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  8. Manuel Suarez
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  1. Laboratoire Géosciences Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/INSU, CC. 60, place E. Bataillon, Montpellier cedex 5, 34095, France

    Serge Lallemand

  2. Dipartimento Scienze Geologiche, Università degli Studi «Roma TRE», Largo S. Leonardo Murialdo 1, Roma, 00146, Italy

    Francesca Funiciello

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Scalabrino, B. et al. (2009). Subduction of an Active Spreading Ridge Beneath Southern South America: A Review of the Cenozoic Geological Records from the Andean Foreland, Central Patagonia (46–47°S). In: Lallemand, S., Funiciello, F. (eds) Subduction Zone Geodynamics. Frontiers in Earth Sciences. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-87974-9_12

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