Abstract
Ultrasound (US) represents the first-line imaging technique in the assessment of the kidney. US image quality has greatly improved in recent years with advances in the transducer and beam-former technology. Gray-scale US, with the addition of harmonic and compound speckle-reduction modes, and color Doppler US may provide a diagnostic clue in most renal abnormalities. US artifacts are extremely important in the US assessment of the kidney because they must be differentiated by true images and may be extremely useful in the renal assessment. Nowadays, contrast-enhanced US with dedicated contrast-specific techniques and microbubble contrast agents further improves the sensitivity of US in depicting renal vasculature.
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Quaia, E. (2010). Ultrasound of the Kidney. In: Quaia, E. (eds) Radiological Imaging of the Kidney. Medical Radiology(). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-87597-0_4
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