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Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics of Nicotine

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Abstract

Nicotine is the principal alkaloid of the tobacco plant. Alkaloids from other plants, e.g. coniine (from hemlock), cytisine (from laburnum) and lobeline (from Lobelia inflata or Indian tobacco), possess actions partly resembling those of nicotine (Box 4.1). Nicotine was first isolated from the leaves of tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum, by Posselt and Reimann in 1828, and Orfila performed the earliest pharmacological analysis of its effects in 1843. Nicotine is one of the few alkaloids with a liquid-oily consistency at room temperature (pKa = 7.9). It takes on a brownish discolouration and acquires the odour of tobacco on exposure to air. As a therapeutic agent in medicine, nicotine is used exclusively to achieve smoking cessation. Approximately 25% of the alkaloid is present in the blood in non-ionised, free-base form. The two optical isomers differ in potency, with the L-form being more potent than the D-form.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nikotinforschung und Raucherentwöhnung, Fritz-Lickint-Institut für, Johannes Str. 85–87, 99084, Erfurt, Germany

    Prof. Dr. Knut-Olaf Haustein

  2. Institut für Arbeitsmedizin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Thielallee 73, 14195, Berlin, Germany

    Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. mult. David Groneberg

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  1. Prof. Dr. Knut-Olaf Haustein
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  2. Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. mult. David Groneberg
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Haustein, KO., Groneberg, D. (2010). Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics of Nicotine. In: Tobacco or Health?. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-87577-2_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-87577-2_4

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