Abstract
Security assessment tasks and intrusion detection systems do rely on automated fingerprinting of devices and services. Most current fingerprinting approaches use a signature matching scheme, where a set of signatures are compared with traffic issued by an unknown entity. The entity is identified by finding the closest match with the stored signatures. These fingerprinting signatures are found mostly manually, requiring a laborious activity and needing advanced domain specific expertise. In this paper we describe a novel approach to automate this process and build flexible and efficient fingerprinting systems able to identify the source entity of messages in the network. We follow a passive approach without need to interact with the tested device. Application level traffic is captured passively and inherent structural features are used for the classification process. We describe and assess a new technique for the automated extraction of protocol fingerprints based on arborescent features extracted from the underlying grammar. We have successfully applied our technique to the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) used in Voice over IP signalling.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., Camarillo, G., Johnston, A., Peterson, J., Sparks, R., Handley, M., Schooler, E.: SIP: Session Initiation Protocol (2002)
Crocker, D.H., Overell, P.: Augmented BNF for Syntax Specifications: ABNF (1997)
Buttler, D.: A Short Survey of Document Structure Similarity Algorithms. In: Arabnia, H.R., Droegehorn, O. (eds.) International Conference on Internet Computing, pp. 3–9. CSREA Press (2004)
Broder, A.Z.: On the Resemblance and Containment of Documents. In: SEQUENCES 1997: Proceedings of the Compression and Complexity of Sequences 1997, Washington, DC, USA, p. 21. IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos (1997)
Nash, J.F.: Non-Cooperative Games. The Annals of Mathematics 54(2), 286–295 (1951)
Caballero, J., Venkataraman, S., Poosankam, P., Kang, M.G., Song, D., Blum, A.: FiG: Automatic Fingerprint Generation. In: The 14th Annual Network & Distributed System Security Conference (NDSS 2007) (February 2007)
DParser, http://dparser.sourceforge.net/
Comer, D., Lin, J.C.: Probing TCP Implementations. In: USENIX Summer, pp. 245–255 (1994)
Yan, H., Sripanidkulchai, K., Zhang, H.: Incorporating Active Fingerprinting into SPIT Prevention Systems. In: Third Annual VoIP Security Workshop (June 2006)
Scholz, H.: SIP Stack Fingerprinting and Stack Difference Attacks. Black Hat Briefings (2006)
Watson, D., Smart, M., Malan, G.R., Jahanian, F.: Protocol scrubbing: network security through transparent flow modification. IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw. 12(2), 261–273 (2004)
Open Source FastTrack P2P Protocol (2007), http://gift-fasttrack.berlios.de/
Fritzler, A.: UnOfficial AIM/OSCAR Protocol Specification (2007), http://www.oilcan.org/oscar/
Beddoe, M.: The Protocol Informatics Project. Toorcon (2004)
Gopalratnam, K., Basu, S., Dunagan, J., Wang, H.J.: Automatically Extracting Fields from Unknown Network Protocols. In: Systems and Machine Learning Workshop 2006 (2006)
Wondracek, G., Comparetti, P.M., Kruegel, C., Kirda, E.: Automatic Network Protocol Analysis. In: Proceedings of the 15th Annual Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS 2008) (2008)
Newsome, J., Brumley, D., Franklin, J., Song, D.: Replayer: automatic protocol replay by binary analysis. In: CCS 2006: Proceedings of the 13th ACM conference on Computer and communications security, pp. 311–321. ACM, New York (2006)
Cui, W., Kannan, J., Wang, H.J.: Discoverer: automatic protocol reverse engineering from network traces. In: SS 2007: Proceedings of 16th USENIX Security Symposium on USENIX Security Symposium, Berkeley, CA, USA, pp. 1–14. USENIX Association (2007)
Brumley, D., Caballero, J., Liang, Z., Newsome, J., Song, D.: Towards automatic discovery of deviations in binary implementations with applications to error detection and fingerprint generation. In: SS 2007: Proceedings of 16th USENIX Security Symposium on USENIX Security Symposium, Berkeley, CA, USA, pp. 1–16. USENIX Association (2007)
Lin, Z., Jiang, X., Xu, D., Zhang, X.: Automatic Protocol Format Reverse Engineering through Context-Aware Monitored Execution. In: 15th Symposium on Network and Distributed System Security (2008)
Bonfiglio, D., Mellia, M., Meo, M., Rossi, D., Tofanelli, P.: Revealing skype traffic: when randomness plays with you. SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev. 37(4), 37–48 (2007)
Wright, C.V., Ballard, L., Monrose, F., Masson, G.M.: Language identification of encrypted VoIP traffic: Alejandra y Roberto or Alice and Bob? In: SS 2007: Proceedings of 16th USENIX Security Symposium on USENIX Security Symposium, Berkeley, CA, USA, pp. 1–12. USENIX Association (2007)
Chang, M., Poon, C.K.: Catching the Picospams. In: Hacid, M.-S., Murray, N.V., Raś, Z.W., Tsumoto, S. (eds.) ISMIS 2005. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 3488, pp. 641–649. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)
Haffner, P., Sen, S., Spatscheck, O., Wang, D.: ACAS: automated construction of application signatures. In: MineNet 2005: Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Mining network data, pp. 197–202. ACM, New York (2005)
Borisov, N., Brumley, D.J., Wang, H.J.: Generic Application-Level Protocol Analyzer and its Language. In: 14th Symposium on Network and Distributed System Security (2007)
Ma, J., Levchenko, K., Kreibich, C., Savage, S., Voelker, G.M.: Unexpected means of protocol inference. In: IMC 2006: Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement, pp. 313–326. ACM, New York (2006)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Abdelnur, H.J., State, R., Festor, O. (2008). Advanced Network Fingerprinting. In: Lippmann, R., Kirda, E., Trachtenberg, A. (eds) Recent Advances in Intrusion Detection. RAID 2008. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 5230. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-87403-4_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-87403-4_20
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-87402-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-87403-4
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)