Abstract
Location-based services (LBS) are gaining popularity and being adapted to new domains. The aim of this study was to identify user requirements for location-based information and services to support outdoor hiking activities. Two issues were emphasized in the study: possible changes occurring during a hike, and community and content needs of the hikers. Three usability engineering methods (questionnaires, empathy probes and focus-group discussions) were used to identify the potential users and their tasks during a hike. Approximately 100 specifi c user requirements for development of future location-based services were recognized, from which nine major themes were identifi ed: planning a hike, additional information on the hiking area, ‘I am here’ services, location of other hikers, changing conditions, emergency situations, saving experiences, sharing experiences, and integrated and adaptive services for hiking purposes. This paper describes the test set-up to identify user requirements and discusses the critical requirements from the hiking viewpoint. Fulfi lling these requirements enables the development of improved applications, services and devices for outdoor activities.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Baus J, Krüger A, Wahlster W (2002) Resource-adaptive Mobile Navigation System, Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, San Francisco, California, USA, pp. 15–22.
Beeharee AK, Steed A (2007) Exploiting real world knowledge in ubiquitous applications, Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, vol 11, no. 6, pp. 429–437.
Beyer H, Holtzblatt K (1998) Contextual Design. Defi ning Customer-Centred Systems, NY: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers.
Bornträger C, Cheverst K, Davies N, Dix A, Friday A, Seitz J (2003) Experiments with Multi-Modal Interfaces in a Context-Aware City Guide, in Chittaro L (ed.), Proceedings of MobileHCI03, Udine, Italy, pp. 116–129.
Brown B, Laurier E (2004) Designing Electronic Maps: an Ethnographic Approach, in Meng L, Zipf A, Reichenbacher T (eds), Map-based mobile services – Theories, Methods and Implementations, Springer Verlag, pp. 247–265.
Caplan S (1990) Using Focus Groups Methodology for Ergonomic Design, Ergonomics, vol 33, no. 5, pp. 527–533.
Cheverst K, Davies N, Mitchell K, Friday A, Efstratiou C (2000) Developing a Context-aware Electronic Tourist Guide: Some Issues and Experiences, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, The Hague, The Netherlands, pp. 17–24.
Edwardes A, Burghardt D, Weibel R (2003) WebPark – Location Based Services for Species Search in Recreation Area, Proceedings of the 21st International Cartographic Conference (ICC), Cartographic Renaissance, Durban, South Africa, pp., 1012–1021, CD-ROM.
Facebook (2008) [Online], Available: http://www.facebook.com/ [31 January 2008].
Gartner G (2004) Location-Based Mobile Pedestrian Navigation Services – The Role of Multimedia Cartography, ICA UPIMap2004, Tokyo, [Online], Available: http://www. ubimap.net/upimap2004/ [31 January 2008].
Goodman J, Gray P, Khammampad K, Brewster S (2004) Using Landmarks to Support Older People in Navigation, Proceedings of Mobile HCI 2004, Springer-Verlag.
Jaiku (2007) [Online], Available: http://jaiku.com/ [Accessed 31 January 2008].
Klante P, Krösche J, Boll S (2004) Accessights – A Multimodal Location-aware Mobile Tourist Information System, Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Computers Helping People with Special Needs, ICCHP2004, Paris, pp. 287–294.
Koskinen I, Battarbee K, Mattelmäki T (2003) Empathic Design. User Experience in Product Design, Helsinki: IT Press.
Lehikoinen J, Aaltonen A, Huuskonen P, Salminen I (2007) Personal Content Experience. Managing Digital Life in the Mobile Age.John Wiley & Sons.
LoVEUS (2002) User Requirements of the LoVEUS system, Deliverable D01, IST-2000- 30155, [Online], Available: http://loveus.intranet.gr/documentation.htm [31 January 2008].
Meng L (2005) Egocentric Design of Map-Based Mobile Services, The Cartographic Journal, vol. 42, no.1, pp. 5–1.
Metla (2006) Palvelutarjonta lisää kävijämääriä kansallispuistoissa, Metsäntutkimuslaitoksen tiedote 07.09.2006, (Eng. The Reports of the Finnish Forest Research Institute), [Online], Available: http://www.metla.fi /tiedotteet/2006/2006-09-07-matkailu.htm [31 January 2008], (in Finnish).
MLS (2006) Mobile Location Services 2006, May 17–18, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
MLS (2007) Mobile Location Services 2007, May 15–16, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Nivala AM, Sarjakoski LT (2007) User Aspects of Adaptive Visualisation for Mobile Maps, Cartography and Geographic Information Science, Towards Ubiquitous Cartography, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 275–284.
Nivala AM, Sarjakoski LT (2003) Need for Context-Aware Topographic Maps in Mobile Devices, in Virrantaus K, Tveite H (eds.), ScanGIS2003 – Proc. of the 9th Scandinavian Research Conference on Geographical Information Science, Espoo, Finland, pp. 15–29.
Osman Z, Maguire M, Tarkiainen M (2003) Older Users Requirements for Location Based Services and Mobile Phones, in Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services, Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium, Mobile HCI 2003, Udine, Italy: Springer, pp. 325–357.
PARAMOUNT (2002) Public Safety & Commercial Info-Mobility Applications & Services in the Mountains, User Requirements, Deliverable D1, [Online], Available: http://www. paramount-tours.com/ [16 January 2008].
Pospischil G, Umlauft M, Michlmayr E (2002) Designing LOL@, A Mobile Tourist Guide for UMTS, in F. Paterno (ed.), Proceedings of Mobile HCI02, Pisa, Italy, pp. 140–154.
Raper J, Gartner G, Karimi H, Rizos C (2007) A Critical Evaluation of Location Based Services and their Potential, Journal of Location Based Services, vol. 1, no.1, pp. 5–45.
Reichenbacher T (2004) Mobile Cartography – Adaptive Visualisation of Geographic Information on Mobile Devices, PhD Thesis, Verlag Dr. Hut, München.
Research and Markets (2005) Location Based Services (LBS)/Geographical Information Systems (GIS) Market Research 2005, viewing report, [Online], Available: http://www. researchandmarkets.com/reports/306446/ [25 June 2008].
Sarjakoski T, Sarjakoski LT (2005) The GiMoDig public fi nal report, GiMoDig-project, IST-2000-30090, Deliverable D1.2.32, [Online], Available: http://gimodig.fgi.fi /pub_ deliverables/GiMoDig-D1231-Final-public.pdf [25 June 2008].
Sayda F (2005) Involving LBS users in data acquisition and update, in Toppen F, Painho M (eds), AGILE 2005, 8th Conference on Geographic Information Science. Conference proceedings. Universidade Nova de Lisboa, pp. 33–42.
Schmidt-Belz B, Poslad S (2003) User Validation of a Mobile Tourism Service, in Schmidt-Belz B, Cheverst K (eds), Proceedings of the Workshop W1 "HCI in Mobile Guides 2003in conjunction with Mobile HCI03, Udine, Italy, pp. 57–62.
van Setten M, Pokraev S, Koolwaaij J (2004) Context-Aware Recommendations in the Mobile Tourist Application COMPASS, in Nejdl W, De Bra P (eds), AH 2004, LNCS 3137, Springer-Verlag.
Zipf A (2002) User-Adaptive Maps for Location-Based Services (LBS) for Tourism, Proceedings of the International Congress on Tourism and Communications Technologies in Tourism (ENTER 2002), Innsbruck, Austria. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Nivala, AM., Sarjakoski, T., Laakso, K., Itäranta, J., Kettunen, P. (2009). User Requirements for Location-Based Services to Support Hiking Activities. In: Gartner, G., Rehrl, K. (eds) Location Based Services and TeleCartography II. Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-87393-8_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-87393-8_11
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-87392-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-87393-8
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)