Skip to main content

A Watermarking Approach for MIDI File Based on Velocity and Duration Modulation

  • Conference paper
Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems (KES 2008)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 5178))

Abstract

The feasibility of inserting a signature into a musical file is proven to be one of widely used technique for copyright and security purposes. In this paper we present a brief overview of the watermarking approaches and implementation in simple MIDI files (SMF). The authors suggest a method based on velocity and duration modulation to embed a digital logo representing watermark data. The watermark robustness is shown via experiments with simulated attacks. Potential problems are discussed in further studies.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Dittmann, J., Steinebach, M.: A framework for secure MIDI eCommerce, German National Research Center for Information Technology, Darmstadt, Germany (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Adli, A., Nakao, Z.: Three Steganography algorithms for MIDI files. In: Proceedings of 2005 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, Guangzhou, China, August 2005, vol. 4, pp. 2404–2407 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Xu, C., Zhu, Y., Feng, D.D.: Content Protection and Usage Control for Digital Music. In: Proceedings of the First International Conference on WEB Delivering of Music, USA (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Ozcan, G., Isikhan, C., Alpkocak, A.: Melody Extraction on MIDI music Files. In: Proceedings of the seventh IEEE International Symposium on Multimedia (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Yamaha corporation, MIDStamp (1998), http://www.yamaha.co.jp/english/news/98090302.html

  6. Eerola, T., Toiviainen, P.: MIR in Matlab. In: Proceedings of International Symposium in Music Information Retrieval (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Adli, A., Nakao, Z.: MIDI Classes for Symbolic Music Processing (under review)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Hakata, K., Imai, H.: The longest common subsequence problem for small alphabet size between many strings. In: Ibaraki, T., Iwama, K., Yamashita, M., Inagaki, Y., Nishizeki, T. (eds.) ISAAC 1992. LNCS, vol. 650. Springer, Heidelberg (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  9. MIDI Manufacturers Association, http://www.midi.org

  10. Robert Rowe: Machine Musicianship. The Mit Press, Cambridge (2001)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Ignac Lovrek Robert J. Howlett Lakhmi C. Jain

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Adli, A., Mirza, H., Nakao, Z. (2008). A Watermarking Approach for MIDI File Based on Velocity and Duration Modulation. In: Lovrek, I., Howlett, R.J., Jain, L.C. (eds) Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems. KES 2008. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 5178. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85565-1_17

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85565-1_17

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-85564-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-85565-1

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics