The energy metabolism of Oenococcus oeni and of some other lactic acid bacteria from wine using sugars and organic acids is discussed. O. oeni is a heterofermentative lactic acid bacterium degrading hexoses by the phosphoketolase pathway. Reoxidation of NAD(P)H by acetyl-P (or acetyl-CoA) in the ethanol pathway represents a limiting step of the pathway. O. oeni varies the classical phosphoketolase pathway to bypass this step by the formation of erythritol. Substrates like fructose, pyruvate, citrate (as a source of pyruvate) and O2 are used additionally or preferred acceptors for NAD(P) reoxidation. As a consequence, acetyl-P is excreted as acetate. The growth rate of the bacteria increases when the limiting ethanol pathway is by-passed. In addition, O. oeni ferments organic acids (citrate, malate and pyruvate), but only pyruvate supports growth when present as the sole substrate. Some other strains of lactic acid bacteria are able to metabolize L-tartrate and fumarate. The metabolic routes and their significance are described.
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Unden, G., Zaunmüller, T. (2009). Metabolism of Sugars and Organic Acids by Lactic Acid Bacteria from Wine and Must. In: König, H., Unden, G., Fröhlich, J. (eds) Biology of Microorganisms on Grapes, in Must and in Wine. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85463-0_7
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