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Cell Biology of Plant Nematode Parasitism pp 239–267Cite as

Molecular Approaches Toward Resistance to Plant-Parasitic Nematodes

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Part of the book series: Plant Cell Monographs ((CELLMONO,volume 15))

Basic research in molecular plant nematology is expanding the inventory of knowledge that can be applied to provide crop resistance to parasitic nematodes in an economically and environmentally beneficial manner. Approaches to trans-genic nematode control can be classified as acting (1) on nematode targets, (2) at the nematode—plant interface, and (3) in the plant response. Strategies aimed at nematode targets include disruption of nematode intestinal function through recombinant plant expression of protease inhibitors orBacillus thuringiensis(BT) toxins, expression of double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) that cause silencing of essential nematode genes, disruption of sensory nervous system function, and generation of nematicidal metabolites. Methods directed at disruption of the nematode—plant interface include expression of proteins, or dsRNAs, that block the function of nematode parasitism gene products involved in migration through the plant vasculature or feeding site establishment, production of molecules repellent to the nematode, or conversion of the plant to a non-host. Approaches acting through the plant response include expression of a cloned plant resistance gene triggering a hypersensitive response, expression of gene(s) deleterious to the feeding site with a feeding site-specific promoter, and conversion of the plant from sensitive to tolerant. Degrees of resistance have been demonstrated through recombinant expression of protease inhibitors, dsRNAs, and cloned plant resistance genes, although none of these discoveries has yet reached commercialization. The focus of molecular plant nematology on root-knot and cyst nematodes makes it likely that transgenic technology will first be commercially applied to these sedentary endoparasites with eventual application to other species. Successful commercialization of biotechnology-derived crops with nematode resistance that result in large yield benefits for producers as well as environmental benefits will be an important milestone for the discipline of molecular plant nematology and should accelerate further progress.

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McCarter, J.P. (2009). Molecular Approaches Toward Resistance to Plant-Parasitic Nematodes. In: Berg, R.H., Taylor, C.G. (eds) Cell Biology of Plant Nematode Parasitism. Plant Cell Monographs, vol 15. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85215-5_9

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