Abstract
It “develops rapidly and relentlessly, causing the severest form of orthopaedic cripple with dreadful deformity, marked dwarfi ng and shortening of life”
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Akbarnia BA, Marks DS (2000) Instrumentation with limited arthrodesis for the treatment of progressive early-onset scoliosis. Spine: State Art Rev 14(1):181–189
Akbarnia BA, Marks DS, Boachie-Adjei O et al (2005) Dual growing rod technique for the treatment of progressive earlyonset scoliosis: a multicenter study. Spine 30(17 Suppl): S46–S57
Akbarnia B (2007) Management themes in early onset scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 89(Suppl 1):42–54
Akbarnia BA, Breakwell LM, Marks DS, et al (2008) Dual growing rod technique followed for three to eleven years until fi nal fusion. Spine 33(9): 984–990
Bess R, Akbarnia BA, Thompson GH et al (2010) Complications in 910 growing rod surgeries: use of dual rods and submuscular placement of rods decreases complications. J Bone Joint Surg Am: In Press
Blakemore LC, Scoles PV, Poe-Kochert C et al (2001) Submuscular Isola rod with or without limited apical fusion in the management of severe spinal deformities in young children: preliminary report. Spine 26(18):2044–2048
Browne D (1936) Congenital deformities of mechanical origin. Proc R Soc Med 49:1409–1431
Browne D (1956) Congenital postural scoliosis. Proc R Soc Med 49(7):395–398
Campbell R, Smith MD, Mayes, TC et al (2003) The characteristics of thoracic insuffi ciency syndrome associated with fused ribs and congenital scoliosis. JBJS 85-A: 399–408
Ceballos T, Ferre-Torrelles M, Castillo F et al (1980) Prognosis in infantile idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 62(6):863–875
Davies G, Reid L (1971) Effect of scoliosis on growth of alveoli and pulmonary arteries and on right ventricle. Arch Dis Child 46(249):623–632
Dickson R (1994) Early-onset idiopathic scoliosis. In: Weinstein S (ed) The pediatric spine: principles and practice. Raven, New York, pp 421–429
Diedrich O, von Strempel A, Schloz M et al (2002) Longterm observation and management of resolving infantile idiopathic scoliosis a 25-year follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Br 84(7):1030–1035
Dimeglio A, Bonnel F (1990) Le rachis en croissance. Springer, France, pp 392–394
Dimeglio A (1993) Growth of the spine before age 5 years. J Pediatr Orthop 1-B:102–107
Dobbs M, Lenke L, Szymanski DA et al (2002) Prevalence of neural axis abnormalities in patients with infantile idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 84-A(12):2230–2234
Dubousset J, Herring JA, Shuffl ebarger H (1989) The crankshaft phenomenon. J Pediatr Orthop 9(5):541–550
Evans S et al (1996) MRI of ‘idiopathic’ juvenile scoliosis. A prospective study. J Bone Joint Surg Br 78(2):314–317
Fernandes P, Weinstein SL (2007) Natural History of Early Onset Scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 89(Suppl 1): pp 21–33
Figueiredo UM, James JI (1981) Juvenile idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg 63-B(1):61–66
Gillingham BL, Fan RA, Akbarnia BA (2006) Early Onset Idiopathic Scoliosis. J. Am. Acad. Ortho. Surg. 14(2):101–112
Gupta P, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH (1998) Incidence of neural axis abnormalities in infantile and juvenile patients with spinal deformity. Is a magnetic resonance image screening necessary? Spine 23(2):206–210
Harrenstein R (1930) Die Skoliose bei Saueglingen und ihre Behandlung. Z Orthop Chir 52:1–40
Harrenstein RJ (1936) Sur la scoliose des nourrissons et des jeunes enfants. Revue d’Orthopedie (23):289
Harrington PR (1962) Treatment of scoliosis. Correction and internal fi xation by spine instrumentation. J Bone Joint Surg Am 44-A:591–610
Hefti F, McMaster M (1983) The effect of the adolescent growth spurt on early posterior spinal fusion in infantile and juvenile idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Br 65(3):247–254
Hooper G (1980) Congenital dislocation of the hip in infantile idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Br 62-B(4):447–449
James JI (1951) Two curve patterns in idiopathic structural scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Br 33-B(3):399–406
James JI (1954) Idiopathic scoliosis; the prognosis, diagnosis, and operative indications related to curve patterns and the age at onset. J Bone Joint Surg Br 36-B(1): 36–49
James JI, Lloyd-Roberts GC, Pilcher MF (1959) Infantile structural scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Br 41-B:719–735
James J (1975) The management of infants with scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Br (57):422–429
Kafer ER (1976) Idiopathic scoliosis. Gas exchange and the age dependence of arterial blood gases. J Clin Invest 58(4):825–833
Klemme WR, Francis D, Winter RB et al (1997) Spinal instrumentation without fusion for progressive scoliosis in young children. J Pediatr Orthop 17(6):734–742
Koop S (1988) Infantile and juvenile idiopathic scoliosis. Orthop Clin North Am 19(2):331–337
Kristmundsdottir F, Burwell R, James J (1985) The ribvertebra angles on the convexity and concavity of the spinal curve in infantile idiopathic scoliosis. Clin Orthop Relat Res 201:205–209
Lenke LG, Dobbs MB et al (2007) Management of juvenile idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg - Am Vol 89(Suppl 1):55–63
Lewonowski K, King JD, Nelson MD (1992) Routine use of magnetic resonance imaging in idiopathic scoliosis patients less than eleven years of age. Spine 17(6 Suppl): S109–S116
Lloyd-Roberts GC, Pilcher MF (1965) Structural idiopathic scoliosis in infancy: a study of the natural history of 100 patients. J Bone Joint Surg Br 47:520–523
Luque E, Cardosa A (1977) Segmental spinal instrumentation in growing children. Orthop Trans 1:37
Luque ER (1982) Paralytic scoliosis in growing children. Clin Orthop (163):202–209
Mahar A, Bagheri R, Oka R et al (2007) Biomechanical comparison of different anchors (foundations) for the pediatric dual growing rod technique. Spine J 8(6):933–939
Mannherz RE, Betz RR, Clancy M et al (1988) Juvenile idiopathic scoliosis followed to skeletal maturity. Spine 13(10):1087–1090
Marks D, (2009) Personal communication
Marks D, Iqbal M, Thompson AG et al (1996) Convex spinal epiphysiodesis in the management of progressive infantile idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 21(16):1884–1888
Mau H (1968) Does infantile scoliosis require treatment? J Bone Joint Surg Am 50B:881
McCarthy R, McCulough FL, Luhmann SJ et al (2008) Shilla growth enhancing system for the treatment of scoliosis in children: greater than two year follow up. In: Scoliosis Research Society Annual Meeting. Salt Lake City, UT
McMaster MJ (1983) Infantile idiopathic scoliosis: can it be prevented? J Bone Joint Surg Br 65(5):612–617
Mehta MH (1972) The rib-vertebra angle in the early diagnosis between resolving and progressive infantile scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Br 54(2):230–243
Moe JH, Khalil K, Winter RB et al (1984) Harrington instrumentation without fusion plus external orthotic support for the treatment of diffi cult curvature problems in young children. Clin Orthop (185):35–45
Muhonen MG, Menezes AH, Swain PD et al (1992) Scoliosis in pediatric Chiari malformations without myelodysplasia. J Neurosurg 77(1):69–77
Muirhead A, Conner AN (1985) The assessment of lung function in children with scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Br 67(5):699–702
Patterson JF, Webb JK, Burwell RG (1990) The operative treatment of progressive early onset scoliosis. A preliminary report. Spine 15(8):809–815
Ponseti IV, Friedman B (1950) Prognosis in idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 32A(2):381–395
Pratt RK et al (1999) Luque trolley and convex epiphysiodesis in the management of infantile and juvenile idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 24(15):1538–1547
Roaf R (1963) The treatment of progressive scoliosis by unilateral growth-arrest. J Bone Joint Surg Br 45: 637–651
Robinson C, McMaster M (1996) Juvenile idiopathic scoliosis. Curve patterns and prognosis in one hundred and nine patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am 78(8): 1140–1148
Salari PA, Oliveira D, Akbarnia BA et al (2009) Infantile idiopathic scoliosis; variations in preferred treatment options: In: 16th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Vienna Austria, July 15–18
Sanders JO, Herring JA, Browne RH (1995) Posterior arthrodesis and instrumentation in the immature (risser-grade-0) spine in idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 77(1):39–45
Sankar WN, Skaggs DL, Emans JB et al (2009) Neurologic risk in growing rod spine surgery in early onset scoliosis: is neuromonitoring necessary for all cases. Spine 34(18):1952–1955
Scott JC, Morgan TH (1955) The natural history and prognosis of infantile idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Br 37-B(3):400–413
Takaso M, Moriya H, Kitahara H et al (1998) New remotecontrolled growing-rod spinal instrumentation possibly applicable for scoliosis in young children. J Orthop Sci 3(6):336–340
Thompson GH, Akbarnia BA, Kostial P et al (2005) Comparison of single and dual growing rod techniques followed through defi nitive surgery: a preliminary study. Spine 30(18):2039–2044
Thompson G, Lenke L, Akbarnia BA et al (2007) Early onset scoliosis: future directions. J Bone Joint Surg Am 89(Suppl 1):163–166
Tolo VT, Gillespie R (1978) The characteristics of juvenile idiopathic scoliosis and results of its treatment. J Bone Joint Surg 60-B(2):181–188
Ward K, Nelson LM, Chettier R et al (2008) Genetic profile predicts curve progression in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. In: Scoliosis Research Society Annual Meeting. Salt Lake City, UT
Winter R (1977) Scoliosis and spinal growth. Orthop Rev (6):17–20
Wynne-Davies R (1968) Familial (idiopathic) scoliosis- a family survey. J Bone Joint Surg Am 50-B(1):24–30
Wynne-Davies R (1975) Infantile idiopathic scoliosis. Causative factors, particularly in the fi rst six months of life. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 57(2):138–141
Zadeh HG, Sakka SA, Powell MP et al (1995) Absent superficial abdominal refl exes in children with scoliosis. An early indicator of syringomyelia. J Bone Joint Surg Br 77(5):762–767
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mundis, G.M., Akbarnia, B.A. (2011). Idiopathic Scoliosis: Infantile and Juvenile. In: Akbarnia, B.A., Yazici, M., Thompson, G.H. (eds) The Growing Spine. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85207-0_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85207-0_17
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-85206-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-85207-0
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)