Abstract
The principal result of Justification Logic is the Realization Theorem, which states that behind major epistemic modal logics there are corresponding systems of evidence/justification terms sufficient for reading all provable knowledge assertions as statements about justifications. A knowledge/belief modality is self-referential if there are modal sentences that cannot be realized without using self-referential evidence of type “t is a proof of A(t).” Building on an earlier result that S4 and its justification counterpart 
describe knowledge that is self-referential, we show that the same is true for 
, 
, and 
with their justification counterparts whereas for 
and 
self-referentiality can be avoided. Therefore, no single modal axiom from the standard axiomatizations of these logics is responsible for self-referentiality.
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Kuznets, R. (2008). Self-referentiality of Justified Knowledge. In: Hirsch, E.A., Razborov, A.A., Semenov, A., Slissenko, A. (eds) Computer Science – Theory and Applications. CSR 2008. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 5010. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79709-8_24
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79709-8_24
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