Abstract
The realistic description of FELs operating in the high-gain regime has to be based on a three-dimensional theory. The dependencies of the electron beam current density and of the light wave on the transverse coordinates x and y must be taken into account. Betatron oscillations of the electrons and diffraction of the light wave play an important role. Moreover, energy spread in the electron beam and the longitudinal slippage of the FEL pulse with respect to the short electron bunch must be considered (in the 1D theory as described in Chaps. 4 and 5 the bunch is treated as being infinitely long, which is far from reality).
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Schmüser, P., Dohlus, M., Dohlus, J. (2008). Refinements of the One-Dimensional FEL Theory. In: Ultraviolet and Soft X-Ray Free-Electron Lasers. Springer Tracts in Modern Physics, vol 229. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79572-8_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79572-8_6
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