Abstract
The December 26, 2004 tsunami is one of the most devastating tsunami in recorded history. It was generated in the Indian Ocean off the western coast of northern Sumatra, Indonesia at 0:58:53 (GMT) by one of the largest earthquake of the century with a moment magnitude of M w = 9.3.
In the study, we focus on best fitted tsunami source for tsunami modeling based on geophysical and seismological data, and the use of accurate bathymetry and topography data. Then, we simulate the large scale features of the tsunami propagation, runup and inundation. The numerical simulation is performed using the GEOWAVE model. GEOWAVE consists of two components: the modeling of the tusnami source (Okada, 1985) and the initial tsunami surface elevation, and the computation of the wave propagation and inundation based on fully nonlinear Boussinesq scheme. The tsunami source is used as initial condition in the tsunami propagation and inundation model. The tsunami source model is calibrated by using available tide gage data and anomalous water elevations in the Indian Ocean during the tsunami event, recorded by JASON’s altimeter (pass 129, cycle 109). The simulated maximum wave heights for the Indian Ocean are displayed and compared with observations with a special focus on the Thailand coastline.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Ammon, C. J. et al (2005). Rupture process of the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake. Science, 308, 1133-1139.
Fritz, H. M. and C. E. Synolakis (2005). Field survey of the Indian Ocean tsunami in the Maldives. Proc 5th Intl on Ocean Wave Meas and Analysis (WAVES 2005, Madrid, Spain, July 2005), ASCE.
Grilli, S. T., Ioualalen, M., Asavanant, J., Shi, F., Kirby, J., and Watts, P. (2007). Source constraints and model simulation of the December 26, 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami. J Waterway Port Coast and Ocean Engng, 133(6), 414–428.
Ioualalen, M., Asavanant, J., Kaewbanjak, N., Grilli, S. T., Kirby, J. T., and Watts, P. (2007) Modeling the 26th December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami: Case study of impact in Thailand. J Geophys Res, 112, C07025, doi:10.1029/2006JC003850.
Kawata, T. et al (2005). Comprehensive analysis of the damage and its impact on coastal zones by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami disaster. Disaster Prevention Research Institute http://www.tsunami.civil.tohoku.ac.jp/sumatra2004/report.html
Kirby, J. T. (2003). Boussinesq models and applications to nearshore wave propagation, surf zone processes and wave-induced currents. Advances in Coastal Modeling, V. C. Lakhan (ed), Elsevier Oceanography Series 67, 1-41.
McNeill, L., Henstock, T. and Tappin, D. (2005). Evidence for seafloor deformation during great subduction zone earthquakes of the Sumatran subduction zone: Results from the first seafloor survey onboard the HMS Scott, 2005, EOS Trans. AGU, 86(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract U14A-02.
Moran, K., Grilli, S. T. and Tappin, D. (2005). An overview of SEATOS: Sumatra earthquake and tsunami offshore survey. EOS Trans. AGU, 86(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract U14A-05.
Okada, Y. (1985). Surface deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space. Bull. Seis. Soc. Am., 75(4), 1135-1154.
Satake, K. et al (2005). Report on post tsunami survey along the Myanmar coast for the December 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake http://unit.aist.go.jp/actfault/english/topics/Myanmar/index.html
Watts, P., Grilli, S. T., Kirby, J. T., Fryer, G. J., and Tappin, D. (2003). Landslide tsunami case studies using a Boussinesq model and a fully nonlinear tsunami generation model. Nat. Hazards and Earth Sci. Systems, 3(5), 391-402.
Wei, G. and Kirby, J. T. (1995). Time-dependent numerical code for extended Boussinesq equations. J. Waterway Port Coast and Ocean Engng, 121(5), 251-261.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Asavanant, J. et al. (2008). Numerical Simulation of the December 26, 2004: Indian Ocean Tsunami. In: Bock, H.G., Kostina, E., Phu, H.X., Rannacher, R. (eds) Modeling, Simulation and Optimization of Complex Processes. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79409-7_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79409-7_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-79408-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-79409-7
eBook Packages: Mathematics and StatisticsMathematics and Statistics (R0)