Abstract
• There must be a reasonable correlation between a patient’s complaints and radiologic findings.
• High-resolution computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are the most valid imaging modalities.
• Revision surgery is most often necessary due to incomplete removal of obstructing agger nasi cells, superior attachment of the ethmoid bulla or uncinate process (incomplete anterior ethmoidectomy), lateralization of middle-turbinate remnants, neoosteogenesis of the frontal recess, and polypoid mucosa obscuring the recess.
• Endonasal revision frontal sinus surgery requires detailed anatomical knowledge.
• In the majority of patients revision can be managed successfully via the endonasal route by performing Draf ’s type I–III drainages.
• In aspirin triad, patients with severe polyposis, Draf ’s type III drainage is indicated as the first revision procedure.
• Contraindications for endonasal frontal sinus revision surgery are anterior–posterior dimension less than 0.5 cm, inadequate surgical training, and lack of proper instrumentation.
• The external osteoplastic, mostly obliterative frontal sinus operation must be part of the armamentarium of the experienced sinus surgeon for the resolution of exceptionally difficult frontal sinus problems.
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Bockmühl, U., Draf, W. (2008). Endoscopic and Microscopic Revision Frontal Sinus Surgery. In: Revision Sinus Surgery. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-78931-4_14
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-78931-4_14
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