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Human Factors in Automation Design

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Springer Handbook of Automation

Part of the book series: Springer Handbooks ((SHB))

Abstract

Designers frequently look toward automation as a way to increase system efficiency and safety by reducing human involvement. This approach often leads to disappointment because the role of people becomes more, not less, important as automation becomes more powerfull and prevalent. Developing automation without consideration of the human operator leads to new and more catastrophic failures. For automation to fulfill its promise, designers must avoid a technology-centered approach and adopt an approach that considers the joint operator–automation system. Automation-related problems arise because introducing automation changes the type and extent of feedback that operators receive, as well as the nature and structure of tasks. In addition, operatorsʼ behavioral, cognitive, and emotional responses to these changes can leave the system vulnerable to failure. Automation is not a homogenous technology. There are many types of automation and each poses different design challenges. This chapter describes how different types of automation place different demands on operators. It also presents strategies that can help designers achieve the promise of automation. The chapter concludes with future challenges in automation design.

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Abbreviations

ABS:

antilock brake system

ACC:

adaptive cruise control

ACC:

automatic computer control

ACT-R:

adaptive control of thought-rational

GPS:

global positioning system

THW:

time headway

TTC:

time-to-collision

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Human Factors Research National Advanced Driving Simulator, University of Iowa, 52242, Iowa City, IA, USA

    John D. Lee PhD

  2. Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, The University of Iowa, 3131 Seamans Centre, 52242, Iowa City, IA, USA

    Bobbie D. Seppelt MSc

Authors
  1. John D. Lee PhD
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  2. Bobbie D. Seppelt MSc
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Correspondence to John D. Lee PhD or Bobbie D. Seppelt MSc .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. PRISM Center, and School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, 315 N. Grant Street, 47907, West Lafayette, IN, USA

    Shimon Y. Nof

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Lee, J.D., Seppelt, B.D. (2009). Human Factors in Automation Design. In: Nof, S. (eds) Springer Handbook of Automation. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-78831-7_25

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