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Domain-Engineered Ferroelectric Crystals for Nonlinear and Quantum Optics

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Ferroelectric Crystals for Photonic Applications

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Materials Science ((SSMATERIALS,volume 91))

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Abstract

Nonlinear optics studies the class of phenomena occurring when an intense light field, typically from a laser source, modifies the optical properties of a transparent material in a nonlinear way. The polarization \(\vec{P}(\vec{x},t)\) of the material can be written as a power series in the field strength \(\vec {E}(\vec{x},t)\) :

$$\vec{P}=\chi^{(1)}\vec{E}+\chi^{(2)}\vec{E}^{2}+\chi^{(3)}\vec{E}^{3}+\cdots $$

where χ (i) is the i-order optical susceptibility of the material. Nonlinear phenomena arise from the nonzero value of the χ (2) susceptibility in noncentrosymmetric crystals. A large class of nonlinear materials (among them LN, KTP, BBO, and LBO) has been studied and used since 1960’s for up/down-conversion of the existing laser sources to wavelength regions which are not directly accessible otherwise. Some of these materials also belong to ferroelectrics, and this feature can be exploited to engineer the orientation of their nonlinear susceptibility. One of the earliest and most commonly used material is LiNbO3 (LN), because of its high nonlinear coefficient (d 33≈27 pm/V) and its wide transparency range from the UV to the mid IR (0.3÷5 μm). A technique giving access to d 33 in LN for optimizing nonlinear conversion processes, named quasi-phase-matching (QPM), was thought even before the first fabrication of this material. About 20 years later, the first experimental demonstration of this idea was obtained, and nowadays periodic poling of ferroelectrics crystals is a widely spread technology making these devices world-wide used and commercially available.

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Authors
  1. M. Bellini
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  2. P. Cancio
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  3. G. Gagliardi
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  4. G. Giusfredi
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  5. P. Maddaloni
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  6. D. Mazzotti
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. CNR, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica Applicata, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuali, Italy

    Pietro Ferraro , Simonetta Grilli  & Paolo De Natale ,  & 

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Bellini, M. et al. (2009). Domain-Engineered Ferroelectric Crystals for Nonlinear and Quantum Optics. In: Ferraro, P., Grilli, S., De Natale, P. (eds) Ferroelectric Crystals for Photonic Applications. Springer Series in Materials Science, vol 91. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77965-0_11

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