Abstract
Climate change is considered as one of the biggest challenges for decades to come (BP 2008; CDIAC 2008; Reddy and Hodges 2000; IEA 2007). This is unless significant investments are diverted towards development of natural capital that regulates the environment (World Bank 2008). Although energy supply from renewable energy sources and renewable technologies are growing rapidly, their capacity will still not be enough to significantly offset fossil fuel demand (BP 2008; CDIAC 2008; Grunwald 2008; IEA 2007). This means energy supply from non-renewable sources will still contribute to the release of large emissions of GHGs that cause climate change (EPI 2010; ESRL 2010). Even though there are policies and strategies on emission control to fight climate change, it is argued here that these efforts should not only focus on emission reductions, but also on mitigation measures. An analysis of future energy projections (see World Bank 2010; EIA 2008; ESRL 2010; IEA 2007) reveals a need to explore other avenues for mitigating emissions from this energy trend.
Keywords
- Ecosystem Service
- Clean Development Mechanism
- Millennium Ecosystem Assessment
- International Energy Agency
- Total Maximum Daily Load
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Albrechts C (2008) Ecosystem services: Solution for problems or a problem that needs solutions? Workshop on Ecosystem Services, Salzau Castle Germany. Ecology Center University of Kiel-Germany
BP – British Petroleum (2008) Statistical review of world energy June 2008. BP, London
CDIAC – Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (2008) Global fossil fuel carbon emissions. Internet address: http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/emis/glo.html, last accessed on 19.11.2010
Daily GC (2000) Management objectives for the protection of ecosystem services. In: Environmental Science & Policy 3: 333–339
Daily GC (2006) Conservation planning for ecosystem services: In: Public Library of Science 4: 2138–2152
Dasgupta P (1996) The economics of the environment: Proceeding of the British Academy 90: 165–221
EIA – Energy Information Administration (2008) International Energy Outlook 2008. Energy Information Administration, Office of Integrated Analysis and Forecasting, U.S. Department of Energy Washington, DC 20585
EIA – Energy Information Administration (2010) World crude oil prices. Internet address: http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/pet/pet_pri_wco_k_w.htm, last accessed on 19.11.2010
EPI – Earth Policy Institute (2010) Eco-economy indicators: Carbon emissions. Internet address: http://www.earth-policy.org/index.php?/indicators/C52/, last accessed on 19.11.2010
ESRL – Earth System Research Laboratory (2010) Trends in atmospheric carbon dioxide - Mauna Loa. Internet address: http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/index.html, last accessed on 19.11.2010
Farber SC, Costanza R, Wilson MA (2002) Economic and ecological concepts for valuing ecosystem services. In: Ecological Economics 41: 375–392
Fongwa E, Gnauck A (2009) Value creation from ecosystem services for business development. In: Gnauck A (ed) Modeling and Simulation of Ecosystems, Kölpinsee Workshop 2008. Shaker Verlag, Aachen, pp. 43–56
Franz W (2006) Organizing a public ecosystem service economy for sustaining biodiversity. In: Ecological Economics 59(3):296–304
Freeman AM (1993) The measurement of environmental and resource values: theory and methods. Resources for the Future, Washington DC
Grunwald M (2008) The clean energy scam. TIME Magazine, March 27, 2008, Time Warner Publishing, Amsterdam
Hawken P, Lovins A, Lovins L (1999) Natural capitalism: What are the services we get from the Ecosystem? Little, Brown & Co., New York (NY)
IEA – International Energy Agency (2007) World Energy Outlook 2007. Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)/ International Energy Agency, Paris
IEA – International Energy Agency (2008) World Energy Outlook 2008. Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)/ International Energy Agency, Paris
Kasting J (1998) The carbon cycle, climate and the long-term effect of fossil fuel burning. In: Consequences: The Nature and Implications of Environmental Change 4(1):15–27
MEA – Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005a) Guide to the Millennium Assessment Reports. Internet address: http://www.maweb.org, last accessed on 19.11.2010
MEA – Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005b) Ecosystems and human well-being: Synthesis. Washington, Island Press
MunichRE (2010) Changing values: A risk of change. Internet address: http://www.munichre.com/ publications/302-06506_en.pdf, last accessed on 19.11.2010 Ranganathan J, Munasinghe M, Irwin F (eds) (2008) Policies for sustainable governance of global ecosystem services. Edwarg Elgar Publishing Ltd, Cheletenham
Reddy KR, Hodges HF (eds) (2000) Climate Change and global Crop Productivity. CABI Publishing, New York
Schulze ED, Freibauer A (2005) Carbon unlocked from soils. In: Nature 437(8): 205–205
Shwartz M (2000) Find a market for ecosystem services: How much is an ecosystem worth? The New York City experience. Press release by Stanford University 29.11.2000
Slootweg R, van Beukering P (2008) Valuation of ecosystem services and strategic environmental assessment: Lessons from Influential Cases. Netherlands Commission for Environmental Assessment, Utrecht
Stringer J (2002) Basic research needs to assure a secure energy future: Energy Bioscience Follow-up workshop, October 21–25, 2002
Vitousek P (1997) Human domination of earth’s ecosystems. In: Science 277: 494–499
Wall P (2000) Know your environment: The value of ecosystem services. A publication by the Environmental Association
World Bank (2010) Environment: Carbon finance. Internet address: http://web.worldbank.org/ WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/ENVIRONMENT/EXTCARBONFINANCE/0,,m enuPK:4125909~pagePK:64168427~piPK:64168435~theSitePK:4125853,00.html, last accessed on 19.11.2010
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Fongwa, E., Onyango, V., Gnauck, A. (2011). Review of Future Energy Supply and Targets for Climate Change: The Idea of Ecosystem Services. In: Schmidt, M., Onyango, V., Palekhov, D. (eds) Implementing Environmental and Resource Management. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77568-3_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77568-3_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-77567-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-77568-3
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)