Abstract
Among the best known mineral localities on our planet, the Khibina-Lovozero agpaitic nepheline syenite complex stands out as truly unique; it far surpasses any other locality both in the total number of mineral species (more than 600) and in the number of those first described from it (about 200), with all important classes of chemical compounds being represented (Khomyakov 2006). Theoretical understanding of this unique repository of minerals of alkaline rocks increased continuously as more and more minerals were discovered, which was reflected in the works of several generations of mineralogists, geochemists, and geologists. As a result, many fundamental theories were formulated and developed, such as A.E. Fersman’s idea that Zr, Ti, and Nb occur in agpaitic magmas as complex anions rather than as ordinary highly charged cations. This concept not only explained the main mineralogical and geochemical features of the characteristic elements of agpaitic massifs, but also acquired a wider significance. It was successfully used in particular by N.V. Belov and his school to develop the theoretical foundations of the crystal chemistry of minerals with mixed anionic radicals. It was widely used in the works of L.N. Kogarko and other researchers to justify the most probable models for the genesis of superlarge apatite, loparite, and eudialyte deposits associated with the Khibina-Lovozero complex.
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Khomyakov, A.P. (2008). The Largest Source of Minerals with Unique Structure and Properties. In: Krivovichev, S.V. (eds) Minerals as Advanced Materials I. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77123-4_9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77123-4_9
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