Abstract
Microporous structures not only continue to raise great scientific interest, but, in addition, several representatives bear high technical importance and have commercial value as functional materials. Their functionality depends on both, particular features of their structure and their actual chemical composition. Many micro-porous structure types with a wide variety of chemical compositions are currently known, and new ones are discovered in short intervals, see (Baerlocher and McCusker, http://www.iza-structure.org/databases/). Various experimental parameters are at the disposal of the experimentalist when he attempts to find synthesis methods for the preparation of materials with new topological or geometrical features, e.g. heteropolyhedral topology, larger pores, wider rings, ... or having superior physical or chemical properties. An obvious strategy to follow is variation of the chemical composition. A particular case which is in the focus of the present contribution is constituted by the aluminosilicate frameworks, i.e. three-dimensional frameworks built from corner-connected [SiO4]- and [AlO4]-tetrahedra. The development in this field has been given impetus by real technical demands. Many natural, and also many as-synthesized, aluminosilicate zeolites have a Si:Al ratio close to 1. However, one of the most important technical applications of zeolites is their use as catalysts in crude oil refining. The underlying chemical processes necessitate high degrees of thermal stability, hydrophobicity and resistivity to low pH. This can be achieved by pushing the Si:Al ratio to values much higher than 1.0, up to the compositions of highly siliceous or even pure silica zeolites.
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Peters, L., Rahmoun, NS., Knorr, K., Depmeier, W. (2008). Why Do Super-Aluminous Sodalites and Melilites Exist, but Not so Feldspars?. In: Krivovichev, S.V. (eds) Minerals as Advanced Materials I. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77123-4_3
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