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Sulfur Assimilation and Abiotic Stress in Plants pp 111–147Cite as

Glutathione Reductase: A Putative Redox Regulatory System in Plant Cells

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Glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) and glutathione (GSH, γ-Glu-Cys-Gly) are important components of the cell’s scavenging system for reactive oxygen compounds in plants. GSH is a major reservoir of nonprotein reduced sulfur. In addition, GSH plays a crucial role in cellular defense, where it gets oxidized to glutathione disulfide (GSSG). GR mediates the reduction of GSSG to GSH by using NADPH as an electron donor, and thus a highly reduced state of GSH/GSSG and ASA/DHA ratios is maintained at the intracellular level by this reaction during oxidative stress. GR activity has been shown to increase in various plant species under different types of stresses. Studies using transgenic plants have shown that GR plays an important role in providing resistance to oxidative stress caused by paraquat, methyl viologen, ozone, moderate chilling at high light intensity, drought, heavy metals, high light, salinity, and chilling. From the existing literature, it is clear that among the enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidative pathways, GR is one of the key enzymes in the active oxygen scavenging system, involving superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) and the enzymes of ascorbate–glutathione cycle in higher plants. In this chapter, we review most recent information on the structural details of GR, its conserved domains, different isoforms, its role in sulfur assimilation and also its importance in maintaining redox balance of the plant cell under environmental and biotic stresses. Further, we discuss the transgenic approach to increase GR activities for developing improved tolerance to oxidative stress in plants.

Keywords

  • Transgenic Plant
  • Glutathione Reductase
  • Chilling Stress
  • Transgenic Poplar
  • Glutathione Reductase Activity

These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, 500 046, Hyderabad, India

    A. S. V. Chalapathi Rao & Attipalli R. Reddy

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  1. A. S. V. Chalapathi Rao
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  2. Attipalli R. Reddy
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  1. Aligarh Muslim University, 202002, Aligarh, India

    Dr. Nafees A. Khan & Dr. Sarvajeet Singh & 

  2. Jamia Hamdard, 110062, New Delhi, India

    Dr. Shahid Umar

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Rao, A.S.V.C., Reddy, A.R. (2008). Glutathione Reductase: A Putative Redox Regulatory System in Plant Cells. In: Khan, N.A., Singh, S., Umar, S. (eds) Sulfur Assimilation and Abiotic Stress in Plants. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76326-0_6

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