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Hematopoietic System

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ALERT • Adverse Late Effects of Cancer Treatment

Part of the book series: Medical Radiology ((Med Radiol Radiat Oncol))

Abstract

Radiation effects on the hematopoietic system affect not only blood forming cells but also stromal elements. Toxicity to marrow from radiation has many parallels with chemotherapy—induced toxicity, and additive or synergistic effects can occur. Acute toxicity from radiation to marrow can be manifest by decline in peripheral blood counts, and the degree of toxicity is affected by radiation dose, dose rate, and treatment volume. In humans, marrow ablation due to total body irradiation has been difficult to study, since this is used only in the setting of stem cell transplantation which ameliorates some but not all of the marrow toxicity. Chronic toxicity to marrow from radiation is dependent on fraction of the marrow organ irradiated and total amount delivered. Patterns of regeneration have been well studied in murine and rabbit models. Measures to overcome marrow toxicity from radiation include chemical radioprotectors, hematopoietic growth factors, and potential amelioration of marrow stromal damage through cytokine support.

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Abbreviations

ARS:

Acute radiation syndrome

BMT:

bone marrow transplantation

BFU-E:

Burst-forming units for erythrocytes

CFU:

Colony-forming units

LD:

Lethal dose

ME:

Microenvironment

MnSOD:

Manganese superoxide dismutase

SCF:

Stem cell factor

SDF:

Stroma derived factor

TPO:

Thrombopoietin

TBI:

Total body irradiation

DOTMP:

166Ho-1, 4, 7, 10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetramethylene-phosphonic acid

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Hematology/Oncology Division Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 704, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA

    Jane L. Liesveld

  2. Department of Radiation Oncology, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA

    Philip Rubin

  3. Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 647, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA

    Louis S. Constine

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  1. Jane L. Liesveld
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  2. Philip Rubin
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  3. Louis S. Constine
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Correspondence to Jane L. Liesveld .

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  1. Dept. Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center James P. Wilmot Cancer Ctr., Rochester, New York, USA

    Philip Rubin

  2. Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center James P. Wilmot Cancer Ctr., Rochester, New York, USA

    Louis S. Constine

  3. Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

    Lawrence B. Marks

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Liesveld, J.L., Rubin, P., Constine, L.S. (2014). Hematopoietic System. In: Rubin, P., Constine, L., Marks, L. (eds) ALERT • Adverse Late Effects of Cancer Treatment. Medical Radiology(). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75863-1_24

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