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Convection and Control in Melt Growth of Bulk Crystals

  • Chapter
Springer Handbook of Crystal Growth

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Abstract

During melt growth of bulk crystals, convection in the melt plays a critical role in the quality of the grown crystal. Convection in the melt can be induced by buoyancy force, rotation, surface tension gradients, etc., and these usually coexist and interact with one another. The dominant convection mode is also different for different growth configurations and operation conditions. Due to the complexity of the hydrodynamics, the control of melt convection is nontrivial and requires a better understanding of the melt flow structures. Finding a proper growth condition for optimum melt flow is difficult and the operation window is often narrow. Therefore, to control the convection effectively, external forces, such as magnetic fields and accelerated rotation, are used in practice. In this chapter, we will first discuss the convections and their effects on the interface morphology and segregation for some melt growth configurations. The control of the flows by external forces will also be discussed through some experimental and simulation results.

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Abbreviations

2-D:

two-dimensional

3-D:

three-dimensional

ACRT:

accelerated crucible rotation technique

AVT:

angular vibration technique

CZ:

Czochralski

EMCZ:

electromagnetic Czochralski

FZ:

floating zone

HB:

horizontal Bridgman

HZM:

horizontal ZM

LES:

large-eddy simulation

SCN:

succinonitrile

VB:

valence band

VB:

vertical Bridgman

ZM:

zone-melting

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  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., 106, Taipei, Taiwan

    Chung-Wen Lan

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  1. Advanced Renewable Energy Company, 18 Celina Avenue, 03063, Nashua, NH, USA

    Govindhan Dhanaraj Dr.

  2. Department of Geology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, 570 006, Mysore, India

    Kullaiah Byrappa Ph.D.

  3. University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, 76203-5017, Denton, TX, USA

    Vishwanath Prasad Dr.

  4. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stony Brook University, 11794-2275, Stony Brook, NY, USA

    Michael Dudley Dr.

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Lan, CW. (2010). Convection and Control in Melt Growth of Bulk Crystals. In: Dhanaraj, G., Byrappa, K., Prasad, V., Dudley, M. (eds) Springer Handbook of Crystal Growth. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74761-1_36

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