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Springer Handbook of Crystal Growth pp 759–794Cite as

Growth and Characterization of KDP and Its Analogs

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Abstract

Crystals of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP, KH2PO4) and its deuterated analogs (DKDP, K(D x H1–x )2PO4) have been studied for their interesting electrical and optical properties, structural phase transitions, and ease of crystallization. They are the only nonlinear crystals currently applied in inertial confinement fusion (ICF), which has made them a hot topic of research for decades. To yield enough large crystals exceeding 50 cm in all three dimensions, the point-seed technique was recently developed. This method can grow crystals one order of magnitude faster than conventional methods. Recent developments in both the techniques and science of growth phenomena and defect formation under various conditions are described in this chapter, which also reviews significant advances in understanding of the fundamentals of KDP crystal growth, other growth methods to yield large high-quality crystals, growth defects and optical performance, and evaluations of crystal quality.

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Abbreviations

2-D:

two-dimensional

AC:

alternate current

AFM:

atomic force microscopy

CFD:

computational fluid dynamics

CFD:

cumulative failure distribution

CFS:

continuous filtration system

CMM:

coordinate measuring machine

COD:

calcium oxalate dihydrate

CTR:

crystal truncation rod

DKDP:

deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate

DOS:

density of states

EDTA:

ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid

FWHM:

full width at half-maximum

ICF:

inertial confinement fusion

IR:

infrared

KDP:

potassium dihydrogen phosphate

LDT:

laser-induced damage threshold

LID:

laser-induced damage

LLNL:

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

NIF:

National Ignition Facility

SF:

stacking fault

SHG:

second-harmonic generation

SIMS:

secondary-ion mass spectrometry

TRM:

temperature-reduction method

TWF:

transmitted wavefront

UV:

ultraviolet

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Crystal Materials, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shanda Road No. 27, 250100, Jinan, Shandong, China

    Sheng-Lai Wang

  2. Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shanda Road, 250100, Jinan, China

    Xun Sun

  3. State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shanda Nanlu 27, 250100, Jinan, China

    Xu-Tang Tao

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  1. Sheng-Lai Wang
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  2. Xun Sun
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  3. Xu-Tang Tao
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Correspondence to Sheng-Lai Wang , Xun Sun or Xu-Tang Tao .

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  1. Advanced Renewable Energy Company, 18 Celina Avenue, 03063, Nashua, NH, USA

    Govindhan Dhanaraj Dr.

  2. Department of Geology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, 570 006, Mysore, India

    Kullaiah Byrappa Ph.D.

  3. University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, 76203-5017, Denton, TX, USA

    Vishwanath Prasad Dr.

  4. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stony Brook University, 11794-2275, Stony Brook, NY, USA

    Michael Dudley Dr.

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Wang, SL., Sun, X., Tao, XT. (2010). Growth and Characterization of KDP and Its Analogs. In: Dhanaraj, G., Byrappa, K., Prasad, V., Dudley, M. (eds) Springer Handbook of Crystal Growth. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74761-1_22

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