Abstract
Multimedia security schemes often combine cryptographic schemes with information hiding techniques such as steganography or watermarking. Example applications are dispute resolving, proof of ownership, (asymmetric/anonymous) fingerprinting and zero-knowledge watermark detection. The need for formal security definitions of watermarking schemes is manifold, whereby the core need is to provide suitable abstractions to construct, analyse and prove the security of applications on top of watermarking schemes. Although there exist formal models and definitions for information-theoretic and computational security of cryptographic and steganographic schemes, they cannot simply be adapted to watermarking schemes due to the fundamental differences among these approaches. Moreover, the existing formal definitions for watermark security still suffer from conceptual deficiencies.
In this paper we make the first essential steps towards an appropriate formal definition of watermark robustness, the core security property of watermarking schemes: We point out and discuss the shortcomings of the existing proposals and present a formal framework and corresponding definitions that cover those subtle aspects not considered in the existing literature. Our definitions provide suitable abstractions that are compatible to cryptographic definitions allowing security proofs of composed schemes.
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Cachin, C.: An information-theoretic model for steganography. In: Aucsmith, D. (ed.) IH 1998. LNCS, vol. 1525, pp. 306–318. Springer, Heidelberg (1998)
Mittelholzer, T.: An information-theoretic approach to steganography and watermarking. In: Pfitzmann, A. (ed.) IH 1999. LNCS, vol. 1768, pp. 1–16. Springer, Heidelberg (2000)
Hopper, N.J., Langford, J., von Ahn, L.: Provably secure steganography. In: Yung, M. (ed.) CRYPTO 2002. LNCS, vol. 2442, Springer, Heidelberg (2002)
Backes, M., Cachin, C.: Public-key steganography with active attacks. Report 2003/231, Cryptology ePrint Archive (2003)
Kalker, T.: Considerations on watermark security. In: IEEE International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing (MMSP 2001), pp. 201–206 (2001)
Barni, M., Bartolini, F., Furon, T.: A general framework for robust watermarking security. Signal Processing, pp. 2069–2084 (2003)
Cayre, F., Fontaine, C., Furon, T.: Watermarking security, part one: theory. In: IS&T/SPIE International Symposium on Electronic Imaging 2005. In: Proceedings of the SPIE., SPIE (2005) pp.746–757. Security, Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents VII (2005)
Comesaña, P., Pérez-Freire, L., Pérez-González, F.: An information-theoretic framework for assessing security in practical watermarking and data hiding scenarios. [21]
Comesaña, P., Pérez-Freire, L., Pérez-González, F.: Fundamentals of data-hiding security and their application to spread spectrum analysis. In: Barni, M. (ed.) IH 2005. LNCS, vol. 3727, pp. 146–160. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)
Katzenbeisser, S.: Computational security models for digital watermarks [21]
Cox, I., Miller, M.L., Bloom, J.A.: Digital Watermarking. Morgan Kaufmann Publisher, San Francisco (2002)
Tran, N.: Hiding functions and computational security of image watermarking systems. In: 15th IEEE Computer Security Foundations Workshop, pp. 295–306. IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos (2002)
Sadeghi, A.R., Steiner, M.: Assumptions related to discrete logarithms: Why subtleties make a real difference. In: Pfitzmann, B. (ed.) EUROCRYPT 2001. LNCS, vol. 2045, pp. 243–260. Springer, Heidelberg (2001)
Adelsbach, A., Katzenbeisser, S., Sadeghi, A.R.: On the insecurity of non-invertible watermarking schemes for dispute resolving. In: Kalker, T., Cox, I., Ro, Y.M. (eds.) IWDW 2003. LNCS, vol. 2939, pp. 355–369. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
Swanson, M.D., Kobayashi, M., Tewfik, A.H.: Multimedia data-embedding and watermarking technologies. In: Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 86 (1998)
Katzenbeisser, S., Petitcolas, F.A.: Information Hiding: techniques for steganography and digital watermarking. Artech House Publishers (2000)
Hartung, F., Kutter, M.: Multimedia watermarking techniques. In: Proceedings of the IEEE, Special Issue on Identification and Protection of Multimedia Information, vol. 87, pp. 1079–1107 (1999)
Adelsbach, A., Sadeghi, A.R.: Advanced techniques for dispute resolving and authorship proofs on digital works. In: Proceedings of SPIE, Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents V, vol. 5020 (2003)
Boneh, D., Shaw, J.: Collusion-secure fingerprinting for digital data. In: Coppersmith, D. (ed.) CRYPTO 1995. LNCS, vol. 963, pp. 452–465. Springer, Heidelberg (1995)
Ausiello, G., Crescenzi, P., Gambosi, G., Kann, V., Marchetti-Spaccamela, A., Protasi, M.: Complexity and Approximation. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Germany (1999)
Piva, A. (ed.): In: 6th International Workshop on Image Analysis for Multimedia Interactive Services (WIAMIS 2005), Special Session on Media Security (2005)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Adelsbach, A., Katzenbeisser, S., Sadeghi, AR. (2007). A Computational Model for Watermark Robustness. In: Camenisch, J.L., Collberg, C.S., Johnson, N.F., Sallee, P. (eds) Information Hiding. IH 2006. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 4437. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74124-4_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74124-4_10
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-74123-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-74124-4
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)