Abstract
Upper extremity patterns are used to treat dysfunction caused by neurologic problems, muscular disorders or joint restrictions. These patterns are also used to exercise the trunk. Resistance to strong arm muscles produces irradiation to weaker muscles elsewhere in the body.
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Further reading
Godges JJ, Matsen-Bell M, Thorpe D, Shah D (2003) The immediate effects of soft tissue mobilization with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on glenohumeral external rotation and overhead reach. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther (12): 713–718
Kendal FP, McCreary EK (1993) Muscles, testing and function. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore
Kots YM, Syrovegin AV (1966) Fixed set of variants of interactions of the muscles to two joints in execution of simple voluntary movements. Biophysics (11): 1212–1219
Kraft GH, Fits SS, Hammond MC (1992) Techniques to improve function of the arm and hand in chronic hemiplegic. Arch Phys Med Rehabil (3): 220–227
McMullen J, Uhl TL (2000) A kinetic chain approach for shoulder rehabilitation. J Athletic Training (3): 329–337
Shimura K, Kasai T (2002) Effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on the initiation of voluntary movement and motor evoked potentials in upper limb muscles. Hum Movement Sci (1): 101–113
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© 2008 Springer Medizin Verlag Heidelberg
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(2008). The Upper Extremity. In: PNF in Practice. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73904-3_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73904-3_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-73901-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-73904-3
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