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Evolutionary Aspects of RNA Editing

  • Chapter
RNA Editing

Part of the book series: Nucleic Acids and Molecular Biology ((NUCLEIC,volume 20))

Abstract

RNA editing is the sequence alteration of RNA molecules by nucleotide insertion/deletion or conversion mechanisms. In this chapter, I describe how the different forms of RNA editing may have evolved from pre-existing activities. It appears that repeated and widespread independent evolution of RNA editing occurred. The diversity in origins seems to be mirrored in the range of possible functions of editing: (1) Multiple proteins could be encoded by one gene. Different editing patterns would generate several proteins from one gene. Conversion editing in vertebrate mRNAs seems to be an instance of such an adaptive function. (2) RNA editing could provide organisms with an extra level of regulation of gene expression, and indications for this function are seen in most RNA editing forms. (3) Editing could serve as a defence against viruses and transposons. This could be another role of editing of vertebrate mRNAs. (4) Editing might counteract mutations which have occurred in the genome. These could occur particularly in organellar genomes, when selective pressures are absent. This role may be the raison d’être of mitochondrial tRNA editing. (5) RNA editing could offer the possibility to retain ‘difficult’ coding sequences, and such a function might be performed by mitochondrial RNA editing in myxomycetes. (6) Last but not least, RNA editing could speed up evolution by creating higher amounts of genetic variation over a shorter period of time. For its function, this model relies heavily on an analogy with splicing, where the possibility of domain shuffling has been invoked as a functional advantage. All these explanations seem not to suffice for kinetoplastid panediting, the most complex and extensive form of RNA editing known. In this case, I propose that the original advantage was found in the gene fragmentation it entails, protecting against loss of temporarily non-expressed mt genes during periods of intense intraspecific competition. Present-day kinetoplastid editing, however, reflects the effects of a long history of opposing selective forces obscuring its evolutionary origin.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Academic Medical Center (AMC), Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Dave Speijer

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  1. Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Technical University Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstr. 10, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany

    H. Ulrich Göringer

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Speijer, D. (2008). Evolutionary Aspects of RNA Editing. In: Göringer, H.U. (eds) RNA Editing. Nucleic Acids and Molecular Biology, vol 20. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73787-2_10

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