Due to their geology, Baltic coastal areas are highly diverse. Thus the northern and northeastern Baltic is shaped by rock basement of the Scandinavian plate, whereas moraine landscapes and soft soils are typically found throughout the southern, southwestern and southeastern Baltic. Furthermore, constantly changing conditions occur due to the rising northeastern edge and trailing southern shore, in addition to the successive formation of mature shorelines throughout the south and southeast. This results in at least ten different coastal forms (see Chap. 2 by Schiewer, this volume; Fig. 2.1), which can comprise a variety of soil formations ranging from silt, sand and gravel to various types of hard soil.
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Schiewer, U. (2008). Synthesis. In: Schiewer, U. (eds) Ecology of Baltic Coastal Waters. Ecological Studies, vol 197. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73524-3_17
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