Abstract
In this paper, we developed valid mobile presence measurements, and proposed the factor structure of the resulting scale. The measurements of items came from previously published questionnaires in the area of VR and from the experience of mobile 3D developers. We also added our concept factors. The 60 subjects experienced the mobile 3D game for about 40 mins. After finishing the mobile 3D game, they completed the questionnaire immediately. Factor analysis was performed on the data. The factors of mobile 3D presence were divided into 4 super-factors; condition factor, interface factor, attention factor, and feedback, and were further divided into 20 sub-factors.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Barfield, W., Sheridan, T., Zeltzer, D., Slater, M.: Presence and performance within virtual environments. In: Barfield, W., Furness, I.T. (eds.) Virtual Environments and Advanced Interface Design, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK (1995)
Biocca, F., Delany, B.: Immersive virtual technology. In: Biocca, F., Levy, M.R. (eds.) Communication in the age of virtual reality, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ, USA (1995)
Biocca, F., Levy, M.R.: Communications applications of virtual reality. 4. In: Biocca, F., Levy, M.R. (eds.) Communications applications of virtual reality, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ, USA (1995)
Draper, J.V., Kaber, D.B., Usher, J.M.: Telepresence. Human Factors 49(3), 354–375 (1998)
Dyer, R., Matthews, J.J., Stulac, J.F., Wright, C.E., Yudowitch, K.: Questionnaire construction manual, annex literature survey and bibliography. Palo 20. Alto, CA: Operations Research Associates (1976)
Freeman, J., Avons, S.E., Pearson, D., IJsselsteijn, W.A.: Effects of sensory information and prior experience on direct subjective ratings of presence. Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 8(1), 1–13 (1999)
Ellis, G.: Compiled hierarchical retrieval. In: Proceedings of the 6th Annual Workshop on Conceptual Graphs, Binghamton, pp. 187–207 (1991)
Hendrix, C.M.: Exploratory Studies on the Sense of Presence in Virtual Environments as a Function of Visual and Auditory Display Parameters. Master’s Thesis. Human Interface Technology Laboratory of the Washington Technology Center at the University of Washington (1994)
IJsselsteijn, W.A., de Ridder, H., Freeman, J., Avons, S.E.: Presence: Concept, determinants and measurement. In: Proceedings of the SPIE, 3959. Presented at Human Vision and Electronic Imaging V, 24-27 January 2000, San Jose, USA (2000)
Lombard, M., Ditton, T.: At the heart of all: the concept of presence. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, vol. 3(2) (1997), available: http://www.ascusc.org/jcmc/vol3/issue2/lombard.html
Nash, E.B., Edwards, G.W., Thompson, J.A., Barfield, W.: A review of Presence and performance in Virtual Environments. Journal of human-computer interaction 12(1), 1–41 (2000)
Schiano, D.: Lessons from LambdaMOO: A social, text-based virtual environment. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 8(2), 127–139 (1999)
Sheridan, T.B.: Further Musings on the Psychophysics of Presence. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 5(2), 241–246 (1996)
Slater, M., Usoh, M.: Representations systems, perceptual position, and presence in immersive virtual environments. Presence 2(3), 221–233 (1993)
Steuer, J.: Defining virtual reality: dimensions determining telepresence. Journal of Communication 42(4), 73–93 (1992)
Steuer, J.: Defining virtual reality: Dimensions determining telepresence. In: Biocca, F., Levy, M. (eds.) Communication in the age of virtual reality, pp. 33–56. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ (1995)
Towell, J., Towell, E.: Presence in text-based network virtual environments or MUDs. Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 6(5), 590–595 (1997)
Witmer, B.G., Singer, M.J.: Measuring presence in virtual environments: A presence questionnaire. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 7(3), 225–240 (1998)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Ryu, H.J., Myung, R., Lee, B. (2007). Measuring Presence in Mobile 3D. In: Jacko, J.A. (eds) Human-Computer Interaction. Interaction Platforms and Techniques. HCI 2007. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 4551. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73107-8_76
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73107-8_76
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-73106-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-73107-8
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)