Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

How Many Caliciviruses are there in Rabbits? A Review on RHDV and Correlated Viruses

  • Chapter
Lagomorph Biology

Rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) is a highly contagious and acute fatal disease of the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), caused by a calicivirus (RHDV). It was first reported in 1984 in the People’s Republic of China (Liu et al. 1984); currently, RHD is diffused worldwide, and has been reported in over 40 countries. It is presently endemic in Asia, Europe, Central America and Oceania. Outbreaks have also been recorded in Saudi Arabia and West and North Africa. In 2000 and 2001, three independent outbreaks were recorded in the USA and also in Uruguay at the end of 2004.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 229.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 299.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 299.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Arguello JL (1991) Viral haemorrhagic disease of rabbits: vaccination and immune response. Rev Sci Tech OIE 10:471–480.

    Google Scholar 

  • Asgari S, Hardy JRE, Sinclair RG, Cooke BD (1998) Field evidence for mechanical transmission of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) by flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) among wild rabbits in Australia. Virus Res 54:123–132.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barbieri I, Lavazza A, Brocchi E, Konig M, Capucci L (1997) Morphological, structural and antigenic modifications of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus in the course of the disease. In: Chasey D, Gaskell RM, Clarke IN (eds) Proceedings of the 1st symposium on calicivirus of the European Society of Veterinary Virology (ESVV), Reading, UK, 15–17 September 1996. ESSV, Weybridge, pp 182–193.

    Google Scholar 

  • Capucci L, Cerrone A, Botti G, Mariani F, Bartoli M, Lavazza A (2004) Results of seroepidemiological surveys for the detection of natural anti-RHD antibodies induced by the nonpathogenic rabbit calicivirus (RCV) in meat rabbits. In: Anonymous (ed) Proceedings of the 8th World Rabbit Congress, Puebla, Mexico. 7–11 September 2004. World Rabbit Scientific Association, Puebla, pp 477–483.

    Google Scholar 

  • Capucci L, Chasey D, Lavazza A, Westcott D (1996a) Preliminary characterisation of a non-haemagglutinating strain of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus from the United Kingdom. J Vet Med [B] 43:245–250

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Capucci L, Fallacara F, Grazioli S, Lavazza A, Pacciarini ML, Brocchi E (1998) A further step in the evolution of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus: the appearance of the first consistent antigenic variant. Virus Res 58:115–126.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Capucci L, Frigoli G, Ronsholt L, Lavazza A, Brocchi E, Rossi C (1995a) Antigenicity of the rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus studied by its reactivity with monoclonal antibodies. Virus Res 37:221–238.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Capucci L, Fusi P, Lavazza A, Pacciarini ML, Rossi C (1996b) Detection and preliminary characterization of a new rabbit calicivirus related to rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus but nonpathogenic. J Virol 70:8614–8623.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Capucci L, Lavazza A (2004) Rabbit haemorrhagic disease. In: Vallat B, Edwards S (eds) Manual of diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals, 5th edn. OIE, Paris, pp 950–962.

    Google Scholar 

  • Capucci L, Lavazza A, Civardi A, Frigoli G, Barbieri I, Rossi C (1995b) Seroconversion in asymptomatic rabbits provides further evidence of putative RHDV-like virus. In: Schwyzer M, Ackermann M (eds) Immunobiology of viral infections. Proc 3rd Congress ESVV, Interlaken (CH) Sept 1994. Fondation Marcel Mèrieux, Lyon, pp 88–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Capucci L, Nardin A, Lavazza A (1997) Seroconversion in an industrial unit of rabbits infected with a non-pathogenic rabbit haemorrhagic disease-like virus. Vet Rec 140:647–650.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Capucci L, Scicluna MT, Lavazza A (1991) Diagnosis of viral haemorrhagic disease of rabbits and European brown hare syndrome. Rev Sci Tech OIE 10:347–370.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Capucci L, Scicluna MT, Lavazza A, Brocchi E (1990) Purificazione e caratterizzazione dell'agente eziologico della malattia emorragica virale del coniglio. Sel Vet 31:301–312.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chasey D (1994) Possible origin of rabbit haemorrhagic disease in the United Kingdom. Vet Rec 135:496–499.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen KY (1986) Rabbit plague. Infect Dis Dom Anim 3:53–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooke BD (2002) Rabbit haemorrhagic disease: field epidemiology and the management of wild rabbit populations. Rev Sci Tech OIE 21:347–358.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cooke BD, McPhee S, Robinson AJ, Capucci L (2002) Rabbit haemorrhagic disease: does a pre-existing RHDV-like virus reduce the effectiveness of RHD as a biological control in Australia? Wildl Res 29:673–682.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cooke BD, Robinson AJ, Merchant JC, Nardin A, Capucci L (2000) Use of ELISAs in field studies of rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) in Australia. Epidemiol Infect 124:563–576.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gelmetti D, Grieco V, Rossi C, Capucci L, Lavazza A (1998) Detection of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) by in situ hybridization with a digoxigenin labelled RNA-probe. J Virol Meth 72:219–226

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gould AR, Kattenbelt JA, Lenghaus C, Morrissy C, Chamberlain T, Collins BJ, Westbury HA (1997) The complete nucleotide sequence of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (Czech strain V351): use of the polymerase chain reaction to detect replication in Australian vertebrates and analysis of viral population sequence variation. Virus Res 47:7–17.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Granzow H, Weiland F, Strebelow HG, Lu CM, Schirrmeier H (1996) Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV): ultrastructure and biochemical studies of typical and core-like particles present in liver homogenates. Virus Res 41:163–172.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grazioli S, Lavazza A, Scicluna MT, Agnoletti F, Guercio A, Fallacara F, Brocchi E, Capucci L (2000) Epidemiological survey on the diffusion of the first subtype of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDVA) in some Italian regions. World Rabbit Sci 8, Suppl 1. vol B:255–259

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenslade E, Weinstein P, Woodward A, Capucci L, Salmond C, Beasley R (2001) A serological survey of antibodies to rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (rabbit calicivirus disease) in two rural Central Otago communities. NZ Med J 114:(1126) 55–58.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gregg D (1992) Viral haemorrhagic disease of rabbits. OIE manual standards for diagnostic tests and vaccines, 2nd edn. OIE, Paris, pp 736–741.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gregg DA, House C, Meyer R, Berninger M (1991) Viral haemorrhagic disease of rabbits in Mexico: epidemiology and viral characterization. Rev Sci Tech OIE 10:435–451.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guittre C, Baginski I, Le Gall G, Prave M, Trepo O, Cova L (1995) Detection of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus isolates and sequence comparison of the N-terminus of the capsid protein gene by the polymerise chain reaction. Res Vet Sci 58:128–132.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henning J, Meers J, Davies PR, Morris RS (2005) Survival of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) in the environment. Epidemiol Infect 133:719–730.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lavazza A, Capucci L (1993) Detection of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus by using Immunogold-labelling electron microscopy method. Microscopia Elettronica 14 (2, suppl):455.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lavazza A, Cerrone A, Agnoletti F, Perugini G, Fioretti A, Botti G, Bozzoni G, Cerioli M, Capucci L (2004) An update on the presence and spreading in Italy of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus and of its antigenic variant RHDVa. In: Anonymous (ed) Proceeding of the 8th World Rabbit Congress, Puebla, Mexico. 7–11 September 2004. World Rabbit Scientific Association, Puebla, pp 562–568.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lavazza A, Scicluna MT, Capucci L (1996) Susceptibility of hares and rabbits to the European brown hare syndrome Virus (EBHSV) and rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) under experimental conditions. J Vet Med B 43:401–410.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Le Gall G, Arnaud C, Boilletot E, Morisse JP, Rasschaert D (1998) Molecular epidemiology of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus outbreaks in France during 1988 to 1995. J Gen Virol 79:11–16.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu SJ, Xue HP, Pu BQ, Quian NH (1984) A new viral disease in rabbits. Anim Hus Vet Med 16:253–255.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marcato PS, Benazzi C, Vecchi G, Galeotti M, Della Salda L, Sarli G, Lucidi P (1991) Clinical and pathological features of viral haemorrhagic disease of rabbits and the European brown hare syndrome. Rev Sci Tech OIE 10:371–392.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marchandeau S, Chantal J, Portejoie Y, Barraud S, Chaval Y (1998a) Impact of viral haemorrhagic disease on a wild population of European rabbits in France. J Wildl Dis 34:429–435.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marchandeau S, Le Gall-Recule G, Bertagnoli S, Aubineau J, Botti G, Lavazza A (2005) Serological evidence for a non-protective RHDV-like virus. Vet Res 36:53–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marchandeau S, Ricci JC, Chantal J (1998b) Taux de prévalence sérologique du virus de la maladie virale hémorragique (VHD) du lapin de garenne (Oryctolagus cuniculus) et de ses formes apparentées au sein de différentes populations sauvages en France. Mammalia 62:95–103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meyers G, Wirblich C, Thiel HJ (1991a) Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus: molecular cloning and nucleotide sequencing of a calicivirus genome. Virology 184:664–676.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meyers G, Wirblich C, Thiel HJ (1991b) Genomic and subgenomic RNAs of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus are both protein-linked and packaged into particles. Virology 184:677–686.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moss SR, Turner SL, Trout RC, PJ W, Hudson PJ, Desai A, Armesto M, Forrester NL, Gould EA (2002) Molecular epidemiology of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus. J Gen Virol 83:2461–2467.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nagesha HS, McColl KA, Collins BJ, Morrissy CJ, Wang LF, Westbury HA (2000) The presence of cross-reactive antibodies to rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus in Australian wild rabbits prior to the escape of the virus from quarantine. Arch Virol 145:749–757.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nowotny N, Ros Bascunana C, Ballagi-Pordany A, Gavier-Widen D, Uhlen D, Belak S (1997) Phylogenetic analysis of rabbit hemorrhagic disease and European brown hare syndrome viruses by comparison of sequence from the capsid protein gene. Arch Virol 142:657–673.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ohlinger RF, Haas B, Meyers G, Weiland F, Thiel HJ (1990) Identification and characterization of the virus causing rabbit haemorrhagic disease. J Virol 64:3331–3336.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O'Keefe JS, Tempero JE, Motha MXJ, Hansen MF, Atkinson PH (1999) Serology of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus in wild rabbits before and after the release of the virus in New Zealand. Vet Microbiol 66:29–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Parra F, Prieto M (1990) Purification and characterization of a calicivirus as causative agent of lethal hemorrhagic disease in rabbits. J Virol 64(8):4013–4015.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodak L, Smid B, Valicek L, Vesely T, Stepanek J, Hampl J, Jurak E (1990) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of antibodies to rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus and determination of its major structural proteins. J Gen Virol 71:1075–1080.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schirrmaier H, Reimann I, Kollner B, Granzow H (1999) Pathogenic, antigenic and molecular properties of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) isolated from vaccinated rabbits: detection and characterization of antigenic variants. Arch Virol 144:719–735.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seal B (1994) Analysis of capsid protein gene variation among divergent isolates of feline calicivirus. Virus Res 33:39–53.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simon MC, Muguruza R, Alonso JL, Muzquiz C, Girones O, Haffar A (1994) Recherche du virus de la maladie hémorrhagique virale du lapin (RHD) chez le renard et rôle des canidés domestiques dans la transmission de la maladie. Rec Méd Vét 179:841–845.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smid B, Valicek L, Rodak L, Stepanek J, Jurak E (1991) Rabbit haemorrhagic disease: an investigation of some properties of the virus and evaluation of an inactivated vaccine. Vet. Microbiol 26:77–85.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith AW, Skilling DE, Cherry N, Mead JH, Matson DO (1998) Calicivirus emergence from ocean reservoirs: zoonotic and interspecies movements. Emerg Infect Dis 4(1):13–20.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stoerckle-Berger N, Keller-Berger B, Ackermann M, Ehrensperger F (1992) Immunohistological diagnosis of rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD). J Vet Med B 39:237–245.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trout RC, Chasey D, Sharp G (1997) Seroepidemiology of rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) in wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in the United Kingdom. J Zool 243: 846–853.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wirblich C, Meyers G, Ohlinger VF, Capucci L, Eskens U, Haas B, Thiel HJ (1994) European brown hare syndrome virus: relationship to rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus and other caliciviruses. J Virol 68:5164–5173.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu ZJ, Chen WX, Chen JX, Yu JY (1985) Studies on control and prevention of a new rabbit disease. Zhejiang J Anim Hus Vet Med 10:12–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu ZJ, Chen WX (1989) Viral Haemorrhagic Disease in Rabbits: a review. Vet Res Commun 13:205–212.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia Romagna “B. Ubertini”, Via Bianchi 9, 25124, Brescia, Italy

    Antonio Lavazza & Lorenzo Capucci

Authors
  1. Antonio Lavazza
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Lorenzo Capucci
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. CIBIO Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal

    Paulo C. Alves (Faculdade de Ciências) & Nuno Ferrand (Faculdade de Ciências) (Faculdade de Ciências) &  (Faculdade de Ciências)

  2. Institute of Wildlife Biology and Game Management, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 33, 1180, Vienna, Austria

    Klaus Hackländer

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Lavazza, A., Capucci, L. (2008). How Many Caliciviruses are there in Rabbits? A Review on RHDV and Correlated Viruses. In: Alves, P.C., Ferrand, N., Hackländer, K. (eds) Lagomorph Biology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72446-9_18

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation