Skip to main content

Intensivtherapie nach neurochirurgischen Eingriffen — intrakranielle Blutung, Schädel-Hirn-Trauma, Rückenmarkverletzung

  • Chapter
Die Intensivmedizin
  • 2192 Accesses

Auszug

Das Kollektiv neurochirurgischer Intensivpatienten umfasst Notfälle (Verletzte und Erkrankte mit oder ohne Operation) und Patienten, die sich einem elektiven neurochirugischen Eingriff unterzogen haben. Hinzu kommt die Gruppe von Patienten, deren Verlegung zur Rehabilitation oder Langzeitpflege ansteht. Patienten mit Wirbelsäulentrauma oderoperation werden in Abhängigkeit von den örtlichen Gegebenheiten auch auf der traumatologischen oder orthopädischen Station, Patienten mit Subarachnoidalblutung auch auf der neurologischen Station und Patienten mit Schädel-Hirn-Trauma (SHT) auch auf der anästhesiologischen Intensivstation versorgt.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatur

  1. Annegers JF, Hauser WA, Coan SP, Rocca WA (1998) A population-based study of seizures after traumatic brain injuries. N Engl J Med 338: 20–24

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Asgeirsson B, Grände PO, Nordström CH (1994) A new therapy of posttrauma brain oedema based on haemodynamic principles for brain volume regulation. Intensive Care Med 20:260–267

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Bein T, Kuhr L-P, Bele S, Ploner F, Keyl C, Taeger K (2002) Lung recruitment maneuver in patients with cerebral injury: effects on intracranial pressure and cerebral metabolism. Intensive Care Med 28: 554–558

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Berendes E, Walter M, Cullen P et al. (1997) Secretion of brain natriuretic peptide in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Lancet 349:245–249

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Bracken MB, Shepard MJ, Holford TR (1997) Administration of methylprednisolone for 24 or 48 hours or tirilazad mesylate for 48 hours in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury: results of the third national acute spinal cord injury randomized controlled trial. J Am Med Assoc 277:1597–1604

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Broderick J, Brott T, Tomsick T, Miller R, Huster G (1993) Intracerebral hemorrhage more than twice as common as subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 78:188–191

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Brauer R., Kochs E, Werner C et al. (1998) Correlation of transcranial Doppler sonography mean flow velocity with cerebral blood flow in patients with intracranial pathology. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 10: 80–85

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Burchardi H, Wöbker G, Engelhardt W, Schregel W, Spiss CK(1997) Beatmung. Anästh Intensivmed 38:386–391

    Google Scholar 

  9. Clarke JP (1997) The effects of inverse ratio ventilation on intracranial pressure: a preliminary report. Intensive Care Med 23:106–109

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Clifton N, Miller ER, Choi SC et al. (2001) Lack of effect of induction of hypothermia after acute brain injury. N Engl J Med 344:556–563

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Cottrell J, Robustelli A, Post K, Turndorf H (1977) Furosemide and mannitol induced changes in intracranial pressure and serum osmolality and electrolytes. Anesthesiology 47:28–30

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Dörr F, Jantzen J-P (1997) Die Ernährung des Patienten mit SchädelHirn-Trauma. Anästh Intensivmed 38:398–399

    Google Scholar 

  13. Elf K, Nilsson R., Enblad P. (2002) Outcome after traumatic brain injury improved by an organized secondary insult program and standardized neurointensive care. Crit Care Med 30:2129–2134

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Egge A, Waterloo K, Sjoholm H, Solberg T, Ingebrigtsen T, Romner B (2001) Prophylactic hyperdynamic postoperative fluid therapy after subarachnoid hemorrhage: a clinical, prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Neurosurgery 49:593–605

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Feldman Z, Kanter MJ, Robertson CS et al. (1992) Effect of head elevation on intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, and cerebral blood flow in head-injured patients. J Neurosurg 76:207–211

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Gennarelli TA, Champion HR, Copes WS, Sacco WJ (1994) Comparison of mortality, morbidity, and severity of 59,713 head injured patients with 114,447 patients with extracranial injuries. J Trauma 37:962–968

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Gruber A, Reinprecht A, Illievich UM et al. (1999) Extracerebral organ dysfunction and neurologic outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Crit Care Med 27:505–514

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Hougaard K, Hansen A, Brodersen P (1993) The effect of ketamine on regional cerebral blood flow in man. Anesthesiology 41:562–567

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Hsiang JK, Chesnut RM, Crisp CB, Klauber MR, Blunt BA, Marshall LF (1994) Early routine paralysis for intracranial pressure control in severe head injury: is it necessary? Crit Care Med 22:1471–1476

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT) Collaborative Group (2002) International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT) of neurosurgical clipping vs. endovascular coiling in 2143 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms: a randomised trial. Lancet 360: 1267–1274

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Jantzen J-P, Werner C, Pfenninger E (2000) Behandlung der traumatischen Subarachnoidalblutung mit Kalziumantagonisten. Analyse der Ergebnisse der HIT IV-Studie. Mitteilung des Wissenschaftlichen Arbeitskreises Neuroanästhesie der DGAI. Anästh Intensivmed 41:919

    Google Scholar 

  22. Jones PA, Andrews PJ, Midgley S et al. (1994) Measuring the burden of secondary insults in head-injured patients during intensive care. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 6:4–14

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Kalfas IH, Little JR (1988) Postoperative hemorrhage: A survey of 4992 intracranial procedures. Neurosugery 23:343–347

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Kassell NF, Haley EC, Apperson-Hansen C, Alves WM (1996) Randomized, double-blind, vehicle controlled trial of tirilazad mesylate in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a cooperative study in Europe, Australia and New Zealand. J Neurosurg 84:221–228

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Kelly DF, Kordestani RK, Martin NA et al. (1996) Hyperemia following traumatic brain injury: relationship to intracranial hypertension and outcome. J Neurosurg 85:762–771

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Kempski O (2000) Pathologische Neurophysiologie. In: Jantzen J-P, Löffler W (Hrsg) Neuroanaesthesie. Thieme, Stuttgart New York, 2000, S 90–104

    Google Scholar 

  27. Kempski O, Andrian von U, Schürer L, Baethmann A (1990) Intravenous glutamate enhances edema formation after a freezing lesion. AdvNeurol 52:219–223

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Klodell CT, Carroll M, Carrillo EH, Spain DA (2000) Routine gastric feeding following traumatic brain injury is safe and well tolerated. Am J Surg 179:168–171

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Lam AM, Winn HR, Cullen BF, Sundling N (1991) Hyperglycemia and neurological outcome in patients with head injury. J Neurosurg 75: 545–551

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Macmillan CSA, Grant IS, Andrews PJD (2002) Pulmonary and cardiac sequelae of subarachnoid hemorrhage: timefor active management? Intensive Care Med 28:1012–1023

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Marion DW, Penrod LE, Kelsey SF et al. (1997) Treatment of traumatic brain injury with moderate hypothermia. N Engl J Med 336:540–546

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. McDonald JW, Sadowsky C (2002) Spinal-cord injury. Lancet 395: 417–425

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Naredi S, Eden E, Zäll S, Stephensen H, Rydenhag B (1998) A standardized neurosurgical neurointensive therapy directed toward vasogenic edema after severe traumatic brain injury: clinical results. Intensive Care Med 24:446–451

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Patel HC, Menon DK, Tebbs S, Hawker R, Hutchinson PJ, Kirkpatrick PJ (2002) Specialist neurocritical care and outcome from head injury. Intensive Care Med 28:547–553

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Pfenninger E, Dick W, Ahnefeld FW (1985) The influence of ketamine on both normal and raised intracranial pressure of artificially ventilated animals. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2:297–307

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Pinaud M, Lelausque J-N, Chetanneau A, Fauchoux N, Menegalli D, Souron R (1990) Effects of propofol on cerebral hemodynamics and metabolism in patients with brain trauma. Anesthesiology 73: 404–409

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Poldeman KH, van de Kraats G, Dixon JM, Vandertop WP, Girbes ARJ (2003) Increases is spinal fluid osmolarity induced my mannitol. Crit Care Med 31:584–590

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Raabe A, Seifert V, Schmiedek P et al. (2003) Management nichtrupturierter intrakranieller Aneurysmen. Dtsch Ärztebl 100/5:A256–262

    Google Scholar 

  39. Rinkel GJE, Feigin VL, Algra A, Vermeulen M, van Gijn J (2003) Calcium Antagonists for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (Cochrane Review). In:The Cochrane Library, Issue 1, 2003. Update Software, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  40. Rosner MJ, Rosner SD, Johnson AH (1995) Cerebral perfusion pressure: management protocol and clinical results. J Neurosurg 83: 949–962

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Schramm J, Cedzich C (1993) Outcome and management of intraoperative aneurysm rupture. Surg Neurol 40:26–30

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Singh S, Bohn D, Carlotti APCP, Cusimano M, Rutka JZ, Halperin ML (2002) Cerebral salt wasting:Truth, fallacies, theories, and challenges. Crit Care Med 30:2575–2579

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Solenski NJ, Haley EC, Kassell NF et al. (1995) Medical complications of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a report of the multicenter, cooperative aneurysm study. Crit Care Med 23:1007–1017

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Stephan H, Sonntag H, Schenk HD, Kohlhausen S (1987) Einfluss von Disoprivan auf die Durchblutung und den Sauerstoffverbrauch des Gehirns und die CO2-Reaktivität der Hirngefäße beim Menschen. Anaesthesist 36:60–65

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Teasdale G, Jennett B (1974) Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness. A practical scale. Lancet 2/7872:81–84

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Thomas JE, Rosenwasser RH, Armonda RA, Harrop J, Mitchell W, Galaria L (1999) Safety of intrathecal sodium nitroprusside for the treatment and prevention of refractory cerbral vasospasm and ischemia in humans. Stroke 30:1409–1416

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Torner J, Kassell NF, Haley EC (1990) The timing of surgery and vasospasm. Neurosurg Clin North Am 1:335–347

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Wangemann B, Jantzen J-P (1993) Diefiberoptische Intubation neurochirurgischer Patienten. Neurochirurgia 36:117–122

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Werner C, Jantzen J-P, Spiss CK (1997) Zerebrovaskuläre Effekte der Analgosedierung. Anästh Intensivmed 38:400–403

    Google Scholar 

  50. Yanagawa T, Bunn F, Roberts L, Wentz R, Pierro A (2002) Nutritional support for head-injured patients (Cochrane Review). In:The Cochrane Library, 1. 2002. Update Software, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  51. Zhu H, Cottrell JE, Kass IS (1997) The effect of thiopental and propofol on NMDA-and AMPA-mediated glutamate excitotoxicity. Anesthesioogy 87:944–951

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Brisman JL, Song JK, Newell DW (2006) Cerebral aneurysms. N Engl J Med 355:928–938

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Edwards P, CRASH Trial Collaborators (2005) Final results of MRC CRASH, a randomised placebo-controlled trial of intravenous corticosteroid in adults with head injury-outcomes at 6 months. Lancet 365:1957–1959

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Hillman J, Fridriksson S, Nilsson O, Yu Z, Saveland H, Jakobsson KE (2002) Immediate administration of tranexamic acid and reduced incidence of early rebleeding after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a prospective randomized study. J Neurosurg 97:771–778

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Kahn JM, Caldwell EC, Deem S, Newell DW, Heckbert SR, Rubenfeld GD (2006) Acute lung injury in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage: Incidence, risk factors, and outcome. Crit Care Med 34:196–202

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Mendelow AD, Unterberg A (2007) Surgical treatment of intracerebral haemorrhage. CurrOpin Crit Care 13:169–174

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Steudel WI, Cortbus F, Schwerdtfeger K (2005) Epidemiology and prevention of fatal head injuries in Germany — trends and the impact of the reunification. Acta Neurochir 147:231–242

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Steudle L, Radke J, Clausen T (2006) Perioperatives management von Patienten mit aneurysmatischer Subarachnoidalblutung. Anästh Intensivmed 47:530–552

    Google Scholar 

  59. Strong AJ, Boutelle MG, Vespa PM, Bullock MR, Bhatia R, Hashemi P (2005) Treatment of critical care patients with substantial acute ischemic or traumatic brain injury. Crit Care Med 33:2147–2149

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Suarez JI, Tarr RW, Selman WR (2006) Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. N Engl J Med 354:387–396

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Todd MM, Hindman BJ, Clarke WR, Torner JC, Intraoperative Hypothermia for Aneurysm Surgery Trial (IHAST) Investigators (2005) Mild intraoperative hypothermia during surgery for intracranial aneurysm. N Engl J Med 352:135–145

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Hulme A, Cooper R (1976) ICP III. Spinger, Berlin Heidelberg New York

    Google Scholar 

  63. Brain Trauma Foundation (2007) Guideliness for the management of severe traumatic brain injury. 3rd edition.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Springer Medizin Verlag Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Jantzen, JP. (2008). Intensivtherapie nach neurochirurgischen Eingriffen — intrakranielle Blutung, Schädel-Hirn-Trauma, Rückenmarkverletzung. In: Burchardi, H., Larsen, R., Kuhlen, R., Jauch, KW., Schölmerich, J. (eds) Die Intensivmedizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72296-0_78

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72296-0_78

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-72295-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-72296-0

  • eBook Packages: Medicine (German Language)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics