Abstract
When instructional designers design online learning environments, they, like all other designers, call on prior knowledge and experience [1]. They call to mind previous solutions and strategies they have used, have experienced, or have seen that fit the particular constraints of the current situation [2]. These previous experiences play a central role in specifying the structure, contents and delivery strategies. Consequently, if the pedagogical component of the design is not consciously considered and planned, the instructional designer tends to incorporate his/her own model of learning into the environment. This may be inappropriate and even conflict with the learning processes which are intended to be supported by Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). Furthermore, the lack of an overall pedagogical strategy implies an absence of a consistent and adequate educational approach throughout the whole online learning environment [3].
Keywords
- Educational Technology
- Cognitive Flexibility
- Knowledge Construction
- Pedagogical Model
- Design Environment
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
McPherson, M.A. and Baptista Nunes, J.M.: Developing Innovation in Online Learning: An Action Research Framework. RoutledgeFalmer, London (2004)
Duffy, T. and Jonassen, D.: Constructivism: New Implications for Instruc- tional Technology. In: Duffy, T. and Jonassen, D. (editors) Constructivism and the Technology of Instruction: A Conversation. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., New Jersey, USA (1992) 1-16
Nunes, J.M.: The Experiential Dual Layer Model (EDLM): A Conceptual Model Integrating a Constructivist Theoretical Approach to Academic Learning with the Process of Hypermedia Design. Sheffield: PhD Thesis, University of Sheffield, Department of Information Studies (1999)
Jones, A. and Mercer, N.: Theories of learning and information technology. In: Scrimshaw, P. (editor) Language, Classroom and Computers. Routledge, London (1993) 11-26
Nunes, J.M.: Instructional Design CSFs for eLearning. In: McPherson, M.A.; Henderson, L. and Kinshuk (editors) Critical Success Factors (CSFs) for Implementing eLearning: Proceedings of the Workshop in the International Conference on Computers in Education (ICCE 2002) on The Changing Face of HE in the 21st Century. Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand (2003) 25-30
Maddux, C.; Johnson, L. and Harlow, S.: Educational Computing: Avoiding the Everest Syndrome in the 21st Century. In: Proceedings of Sate 94 - Fifth Annual Conference of the Society for Technology and Teacher Education. Charlottesville. The Association for the Advancement of Computing Education, USA (1994) 371-374
McPherson, M.A. and Baptista Nunes, J.M.: A Framework to Support eLearning Management. In: McPherson, M.A.; Henderson, L. and Kinshuk (editors) Critical Success Factors (CSFs) for Implementing eLearning: Proceedings of the Workshop in the International Conference on Computers in Education (ICCE 2002) on The Changing Face of HE in the 21st Century. Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand (2003) 1-7
McKendree, J.: Design: More than Meets the Eye? Association for Learning Technology Newsletter (1994) 5, 2
Viau, E.: The Mind as a Channel. Educational Technology Review, Autumn/ Winter (1994) 5-10
Heller, P.; Heller, K.; Henderson, C.; Kuo, V. and Yerushalmi, E.: Instructors’ Beliefs and Values about Learning Problem Solving. In: Proceedings of the Physics Education Research Conference, Rochester, NY, July (2001)
Honebein, C.; Duffy, T. and Fishman, J.: Constructivism and the Design of Learning Environments: Context and Authentic Activities for Learning. In: Duffy, T.; Lowyck, J. and Jonassen, D. (editors) Designing Environments for Constructive Learning. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, (1993) 87-109
Jordan, B.: Modes of Teaching and Learning: Questions Raised by the Training of Traditional Birth Attendants. Report No.IRL87-0004. Institute for Research on Learning, Palo Alto, CA (1987)
Berryman, S.: Designing Effective Learning: Cognitive Apprenticeship Models, ERIC Document 337 689, 1-5. Columbia University, Institute for Learning Technology, New York Live Text (1991) Available online at: http://www.ilt.columbia.edu/publications/papers/berry1html[last visited on 10/01/2003]
Madden, A.D.; Baptista Nunes, J.M.; McPherson, M.A.; Ford, N.J.; Miller, D. and Rico, M.: “A New Generation Gap? Some Thoughts on the Consequences of Early ICT First Contact”, International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Education, Vol. 1 Issue 2 (2005) 19-32
Knuth, R. and Cunningham, D.: Tools for Constructivism. In: Duffy, T.; Lowyck, J. and Jonassen, D. (editors) Designing Environments for Constructive Learning. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York (1993) 163-188
Jones, N.: From the Sage on the Stage to the Guide on the Side: The challenge for educators today. ABAC Journal, Vol. 26 Issue 1 (2006) 1-18
Allen, B.: Constructive Criticisms. In: Duffy, T. and Jonassen, D. (editors): Constructivism and the Technology of Instruction: A Conversation. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc, New Jersey, USA (1992) 183-205
Jonassen, D.: Objectivism vs. Constructivism: Do We Need a New Philosophical Paradigm? Educational Technology Research and Development, Vol. 39 Issue 3 (1991) 4-14
Myers, D.G. Psychology. Worth, London (1988)
Peel, D.: The Significance of Behavioural Learning Theory to the Development of Effective Coaching Practice. International Journal of Evidence Based Coaching and Mentoring, Vol. 3 Issue 1 (2005) 22-28
Hildebrand, G.M.: Contesting Learning Models. In: Proceedings of the (AARE) Australian Association for Research in Education and NZARE (New Zealand Association for Research in Education) Conference Melbourne (1999) Available online at: http://www.aare.edu.au/99pap/hil99582.htm [Last accessed 8/25/06]
Jegede, O.: Constructivism and Research in Distance Education. Open Forum, Vol. 1 Issue 1 (1991) 5-10
Lakoff, G. and Johnson, M.: Metaphors We Live By. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago (1980)
Cunningham, J.B.: Strategic Considerations in Using Action Research for Improving Personnel Practices. Public Personnel Management, Vol. 24 Issue 2 (1995) 515-529
Kay, A.: Computers, Networks and Education. Scientific American, Vol. 256 Issue 3 (1991) 100-107
Brown, J.; Collins, A. and Duguid P.: Situated Cognition and the Culture of Learning. Education Researcher, Vol. 18 (1989) 10-12
Fosnot, C.: Constructivism: A Psychological Theory of Learning. In: Fosnot, C. (editor) Constructivism: Theory, Perspectives and Practice. Teachers College Press, Columbia University, New York (1996) 8-33
Gulati, S.: Constructivism and Emerging Online Learning Pedagogy: A Discussion for Formal to Acknowledge and Promote the Informal. In: Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Universities Association for Continuing Education Regional Futures: Formal and Informal Learning Perspectives. Centre for Lifelong Learning, University of Glamorgan, UK (2004)
Waitley, D. and Tucker R.: Winning the Innovation Game. Berkley Book, New York (1989)
Petruk, M.: Adjusting to Paradigm Shift in Teaching and Learning or What do I do Now? In: Marik, V.; Zdrahal, Z. (editors) Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education: CEPES-UNESCO International Symposium. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York (1989) 34-38
Grabinger, S. and Dunlap, J.: Rich Environments for Active Learning. Association for Learning Technology Journal, Vol. 3 Issue 2 (1995) 5-34
Nunes, J.M. and McPherson, M.A.: The Management of Information. Institute for the Management of Information Systems Journal, Vol. 12 Issue 4 (2002) 15-17
Collins, A.; Brown, S. and Newman, S.: Cognitive Apprenticeship: Teaching the Crafts of Reading, Writing and Mathematics. In: Glaser, R. and Resnick, L. (editors) Knowing, Learning and Instruction: Essays in Honor of Robert Glaser. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, New Jersey (1989) 435-494
Simons, R.: Constructive Learning: The role of the Learner. In: Duffy, T.; Lowyck, J. and Jonassen, D. (editors): Designing Environments for Constructive Learning. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York (1993) 291-313
Banathy, B.: Comprehensive Systems Design in Education: Who should be the Designers? Educational Technology, September (1991) 49-51
Kuhlthau, C.: Seeking Meaning: A Process Approach to Library and Information Services. Ablex, New Jersey, USA (1993)
Jamieson, P.; Dane, J. and Lippman, P.: Moving Beyond the Classroom: Accommodating the Changing Pedagogy of Higher Education. In: Proceedings of 2005 Forum of the Australasian Association for Institutional Research (2005)
Knowles, M.: Self-Directed Learning: A Guide for Learners and Teachers. Association, New York (1975)
Kaye, A.: Computers Make Slow Progress in Class, Science, Vol. 244 (1989) 906-909
Zucchermaglio, C.: Toward a Cognitive Ergonomics of Educational Theory. In: Duffy, T.; Lowyck, J. and Jonassen, D. (editors) Designing Environments for Constructive Learning. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York (1993) 249-260
Hansen, R.E.: The Role of Experience Learning: Giving Meaning and Authenticity to the Learning Process. Journal of Technology Education, Vol. 11 Issue 2 (2000) Available online at: http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JTE/v11n2/hansen.html [Last accessed 18/08/2006]
Anderson, T.: Integrating Lectures and Electronic Course Materials. Innovations in Education and Training International, Vol. 34 Issue 1 (1997) 11-19
Skinner, B.F.: Science and Human Behavior (1953)
Nunes, J.M. and McPherson, M.A.: Constructivism vs. Objectivism: Where is difference for designers of e-learning environments? In: Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT’03) (2003) 496-500
Jonassen, D.: Evaluating Constructivist Learning. In: Duffy, T. and Jonassen, D. Constructivism and the Technology of Instruction: A Conversation. Lawrence ErlbaumAssociates, New Jersey, USA (1992) 137-149
Laurillard, D.: Rethinking University Teaching: A Framework for the Effective Use of Educational Technology. Routledge, New York, USA (1993)
European Commission Study Group on Education and Training Accom- plishing Europe through Education and Training, European Commission, Brussels (1997)
Secretary of State for Education and Skills: White Paper on the Future of Higher Education. Cabinet Office, UK Government, Norwich (2003) Available online at: http://www.dfes.gov.uk/hegateway/strategy/hestrategy/[Last accessed 18/08/2006]
Hadjerrouit, S.: Designing a Pedagogical Model for Web Engineering Education: An Evolutionary Perspective. Journal of Information Technology Education, Vol. 40 (2005) 115-140
Cognition and Technology Group at Vanderbilt University (CTGV): Technology and the Design of Generative Learning Environments. In: Duffy, T. and Jonassen, D. (editors) Constructivism and the Technology of Instruction: A Conversation. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, New Jersey, USA (1991) 77-89
Schwandt, T.: Qualitative Inquiry: A Dictionary of Terms. SAGE, London (1997)
Jonassen, D.: Thinking Technology. Educational Technology, September (1990) 32-34
Duffy, T.M.; Lowyck, J., and Jonassen, D.H.: Designing Environments for Constructivist Learning. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York (1993)
Spiro, R.; Feltovich, P.; Jacobson, M. and Coulson R.: Cognitive Flexibility, Constructivism, and Hypertext: Random Access Instruction for Advanced Knowledge Acquisition in Ill-Structured Domains. In: Duffy, T. and Jonassen, D. Constructivism and the Technology of Instruction: A Conversation. Lawrence Erlbaum, New Jersey, USA (1991) 57-76
Kirkwood, A.: Learning at Home with Information and Communications Technologies. Distance Education, Vol. 21 Issue 2 (2000) 248-259
Reigeluth, C.: Reflections on the Implications of Constructivism for Educational Technology. In: Duffy, T. and Jonassen, D. (editors) Constructivism and the Technology of Instruction: A Conversation. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, New Jersey, USA (1992) 149-157
Barab, S.A. and Duffy, T.: From Practice Fields to Communities of Practice. In: Jonassen, D. and Land, S. (editors) Theoretical Foundations of Learning Environments. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, New Jersey, USA (2000)
Molenda, M.: A Philosophical Critique of the Claims of Constructivism. Educational Technology, September (1991) 44-48
Wilson, B.: Constructivism and Instructional Design: Some Personal Reflections. In: 15th Annual Proceedings of Selected Research and Development Presentations. Association for Educational Communications and Technology, New Orleans (1993) 1132-1149
Hammond, N.: Learning with Hypertext: Problems, Principles and Prospects. In: McKnight, C.; Dillon, A. and Richardson, J. (editors) Hypertext: A Psychological Perspective. Ellis Horwood, London (1993) 51-70
Stahl, G.: Group Cognition in Computer-Assisted Collaborative Learning. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, Vol. 21 Issue 2 (2005) 79-90
Jonassen, D.; Mayes, T. and McAleese, R.: A Manifesto for a Constructivist Approach to Uses of Technology in Higher Education. In: Duffy, T.; Lowyck, J. and Jonassen, D. (editors) Designing Environments for Constructivist Learning, NATO ASI Series. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York (1992) 231-247
Muirhead, B.: Creating Concept Maps: Integrating Constructivism Principles into Online Classes. International Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning, Vol. 3 Issue 1 (2006) 17-30. Available online at: http://www.itdl.org/Journal/jan_06/article02.htm [Last accessed 8/23/06]
Boyle, T.: Design for Multimedia Learning. Prentice Hall, London, (1997) 30 Miguel Baptista Nunes and Maggie McPherson
Bates, A.: Third Generation Distance Education: The Challenge of New Technology. Research in Distance Education, Vol. 3 Issue 2 (1991) 10-15
Shulman, L. and Ringstaff, C.: Current Research in the Psychology of Learning and Teaching. In: Weinstock, H. and Bork, A. (editors) Designing Computer-Based Learning Materials. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York (1986) 1-31
Rogoff, B.: Apprenticeship in Thinking: Cognitive Development in Social Context. Oxford University Press, Oxford (1990)
Carr, A.; Jonassen, D.; Litzinger, M. and Marra, R.: Good Ideas to Foment Educational Revolution: The Role of Systemic Change in Advancing Situated Learning, Constructivism, and Feminist Pedagogy. Educational Technology, Vol. 38 Issue 1 (1998) 5-15
Jonassen, D.: Operationalizing Mental Models: Strategies for Assessing Mental Models to Support Meaningful Learning and Design - Supportive Learning Environments. In: Proceedings of the Computer Support for Collaborative Learning 1995 Conference. Indiana University, Bloomington (1995). Also available online at: http://www-cscl95.indiana.edu/cscl95/jonassen.html [last visited on 14/12/98]
Spiro, R. and Jeng, J.: Cognitive Flexibility and Hypertext: Theory and Technology for the Nonlinear and Multidimensional Traversal of Complex Subject Matter. In: Nix, D. and Spiro, R. (editors) Cognition, Education, and Multimedia: Exploring Ideas in High Technology. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ (1990) 34-56
Cognition and Technology Group at Vanderbilt: Anchored Instruction and its Relationship to Situation Cognition. Educational Researcher, Vol. 19 Issue 6 (1990) 2-10
Schank, R.; Kass, A. and Riesbeck, C.: Inside Case-Based Explanation. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ (1994)
Jonassen, D.: Scaffolding Diagnostic Reasoning in Case-Based Learning Environments. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, Vol. 8 Issue 1 (1996) 48-68
Nunes, J.M. and McPherson, M.A.: Learning support in online constructivist environments in information systems. HEA-ICS Italics, Vol. 5 Issue 2 (2006) Electronic Journal Available online at: http://www.ics.heacademy.ac.uk/italics/vol5iss2.htm [Last accessed 25/08/06]
Linn, M.: Cognition and Distance Learning. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, Vol. 47 Issue 11 (1996) 826-842
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Nunes, M.B., McPherson, M. (2007). Why Designers cannot be Agnostic about Pedagogy: The Influence of Constructivist Thinking in Design of e-Learning for HE. In: Jain, L.C., Tedman, R.A., Tedman, D.K. (eds) Evolution of Teaching and Learning Paradigms in Intelligent Environment. Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol 62. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71974-8_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71974-8_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-71973-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-71974-8
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)
