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Management of Breast Diseases pp 37–51Cite as

Congenital and Developmental Abnormalities of the Breast

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Abstract

Development of the mammary glands begins in the male and female embryo in identical fashion. During the fourth to fifth week of fetal development, primitive milk streaks, also known as galactic bands, form [1–4]. These are single, thickened ridges of ectoderm that extend bilaterally from the axillary to the inguinal region. Each band consolidates to form a mammary ridge on the thorax, and the remaining band regresses. At 6–8 weeks, a primary bud forms, with thickening of the mammary anlage, which penetrates into the chest wall mesenchyme. The primary mammary bud gives rise to secondary buds that extend into the surrounding connective tissue and become the lactiferous ducts and their branches. The mesenchyme surrounding the duct systems becomes the fibrous stroma and fat of the breast. Between 12 and 16 weeks of development, mesenchymal cells differentiate into the smooth muscle of the nipple-areolar complex (NAC), and branches link to future secretory alveoli. The secondary mammary anlage then develops with differentiation of hair follicles and sweat glands.

Keywords

  • Precocious Puberty
  • Pectoralis Major Muscle
  • Ectodermal Dysplasia
  • Choanal Atresia
  • Chest Wall Deformity

These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

    Michele A. Shermak

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  1. Michele A. Shermak
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Breast Care Center National Naval Medical Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd., Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA

    Dr. Ismail Jatoi (Head) (Head)

  2. Women’s Hospital, University of Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany

    Prof. Dr. Manfred Kaufmann (Breast Unit Director) (Breast Unit Director)

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Shermak, M.A. (2010). Congenital and Developmental Abnormalities of the Breast. In: Jatoi, I., Kaufmann, M. (eds) Management of Breast Diseases. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69743-5_2

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