-
Measuring disease progression is vital in the management of patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension.
-
Progression may be assessed by structure (optic disc photography or semi-automated imaging devices) and function (perimetry).
-
Progression strategies may be subdivided into “event analyses” (progression requires a predetermined threshold to be exceeded) and “trend analyses” (the behaviour of the parameter over time is monitored).
-
Stereophotographic examination is prone to high inter-observer variability.
-
Amongst imaging devices, the HRT has the most published longitudinal data, as it has been commercially available for the longest time and its software is “backward compatible”.
-
Two progression algorithms are currently available in the HRT software: “trend analysis” and “topographical change analysis”.
-
To date there are no statistically supported progression algorithms in the OCT or GDx-VCC operational software.
-
There is poor concordance between HRT and visual field progression. The reasons for this remain unclear.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
AGIS Investigators (1994) Advanced glaucoma intervention study. 2. Visual field test scoring and reliability. Ophthalmology 101(8):1445–1455
Artes PH, Chauhan BC (2005) Longitudinal changes in the visual field and optic disc in glaucoma. Prog Retin Eye Res 24(3):333–354
Azuara-Blanco A, Katz LJ, Spaeth GL et al. (2003) Clinical agreement among glaucoma experts in the detection of glaucomatous changes of the optic disk using simultaneous stereoscopic photographs. Am J Ophthalmol 136(5):949–950
Boes DA, Spaeth GL, Mills RP et al. (1996) Relative optic cup depth assessments using three stereo photograph viewing methods. J Glaucoma 5(1):9–14
Burk RO, Vihanninjoki K, Bartke T et al. (2000) Development of the standard reference plane for the Heidelberg retina tomograph. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 238(5):375–384
Caprioli J, Prum B, Zeyen T (1996) Comparison of methods to evaluate the optic nerve head and nerve fiber layer for glaucomatous change. Am J Ophthalmol 121(6):659–667
Chauhan BC (2005) Detection of glaucomatous changes in the optic disc. In: Fingeret M, Flanagan JG, Liebmann JM (eds) The essential HRT primer. Jocoto Advertising, San Ramon, CA
Chauhan BC, Blanchard JW, Hamilton DC et al. (2000) Technique for detecting serial topographic changes in the optic disc and peripapillary retina using scanning laser tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 41(3):775–782
Chauhan BC, McCormick TA, Nicolela MT et al. (2001) Optic disc and visual field changes in a prospective longitudinal study of patients with glaucoma: comparison of scanning laser tomography with conventional perimetry and optic disc photography. Arch Ophthalmol 119(10):1492–1499
Chen E, Gedda U, Landau I (2001) Thinning of the papillomacular bundle in the glaucomatous eye and its influence on the reference plane of the Heidelberg retinal tomography. J Glaucoma 10(5):386–389
Coleman AL, Sommer A, Enger C et al. (1996) Interobserver and intraobserver variability in the detection of glaucomatous progression of the optic disc. J Glaucoma 5(6):384–389
Ervin JC, Lemij HG, Mills RP et al. (2002) Clinician change detection viewing longitudinal stereophotographs compared to confocal scanning laser tomography in the LSU Experimental Glaucoma (LEG) Study. Ophthalmology 109(3):467–481
Payers T, Strouthidis NG, Garway-Heath DF (2007) Monitoring glaucomatous progression using a novel Heidelberg Retina Tomograph event analysis. Ophthalmology 114(11):1973–1980
Fitzke FW, Hitchings RA, Poinoosawmy D et al. (1996) Analysis of visual field progression in glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol 80(1):40–48
Heijl A, Leske MC, Bengtsson B et al. (2003) Measuring visual field progression in the Early Manifest Glaucoma Trial. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 81(3):286–293
Heidelberg Engineering (2006) Heidelberg retina tomograph glaucoma module. Operating instructions software version 3.0. Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany
Kamal DS, Viswanathan AC, Garway-Heath DF et al. (1999) Detection of optic disc change with the Heidelberg retina tomograph before confirmed visual field change in ocular hypertensives converting to early glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol 83(3):290–294
Kamal DS, Garway-Heath DF, Hitchings RA et al. (2000) Use of sequential Heidelberg retina tomograph images to identify changes at the optic disc in ocular hypertensive patients at risk of developing glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol 84(9)593–998
Kourkoutas D, Buys YM, Flanagan JG et al. (2007) Comparison of glaucomaprogression evaluated with Heidelberg retina tomograph II versus optic nerve head stereophotographs. Can J Ophthalmol 42(1):82–88
Lichter PR (1977) Variability of expert observers in evaluating the optic disc. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 74:532–572
Medeiros FA, Doshi R, Zangwill LM et al. (2007) Long-term variability of GDx VCC retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measurements. J Glaucoma 16(3):277–281
Morgan JE, Sheen NJ, North RV et al. (2005) Digital imaging of the optic nerve head: monoscopic and stereoscopic analysis. Br J Ophthalmol 89(7):879–884
Musch DC, Lichter PR, Guire KE et al. (1999) The Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study: study design, methods, and baseline characteristics of enrolled patients. Ophthalmology 106(4):653–662
Nicolela MT, McCormick TA, Drance SM et al. (2003) Visual field and optic disc progression in patients with different types of optic disc damage: a longitudinal prospective study. Ophthalmology 110(11):2178–2184
Owen MF, Strouthidis NG, Garway-Heath DF et al. (2006) Measurement variability in Heidelberg Retina Tomograph imaging of neuroretinal rim area. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 47(12):5322–5330
Parrish RK, Schiffman JC, Feuer WJ et al. (2005) Test-retest reproducibility of optic disk deterioration detected from stereophotographs by masked graders. Am J Ophthalmol 140(4):762–764
Patterson AJ, Garway-Heath DF, Strouthidis NG et al. (2005) A new statistical approach for quantifying change in series of retinal and optic nerve head topography images. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 46(5):1659–1667
Patterson AJ, Garway-Heath DF, Crabb DP (2006) Improving the repeatability of topographic height measurements in confocal scanning laser imaging using maximum-likelihood deconvolution. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 47(10):4415–4421
Quigley HA, Katz J, Derick RJ et al. (1992) An evaluation of optic disc and nerve fiber layer examinations in monitoring progression of early glaucoma damage. Ophthalmology 99(1):19–28
Strouthidis NG, White ET, Owen VM et al. (2005) Factors affecting the test-retest variability of Heidelberg retina tomograph and Heidelberg retina tomograph II measurements. Br J Ophthalmol 89(11):1427–1432
Strouthidis NG, White ET, Owen VM et al. (2005) Improving the repeatability of Heidelberg retina tomograph and Heidelberg retina tomograph II rim area measurements. Br J Ophthalmol 89(11):1433–1437
Strouthidis NG, Scott A, Peter NM et al. (2006) Optic disc and visual field progression in ocular hypertensive subjects: detection rates, specificity, and agreement. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 47(7):2904–2910
Tan JC, Hitchings RA (2003) Approach for identifying glaucomatous optic nerve progression by scanning laser tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 44(6):2621–2626
Tan JC, Hitchings RA (2004) Optimizing and validating an approach for identifying glaucomatous change in optic nerve topography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 45(5):1396–1403
Tan JC, Garway-Heath DF, Hitchings RA (2003) Variability across the optic nerve head in scanning laser tomography. Br J Ophthalmol 87(5):557–559
Wollstein G, Schuman JS, Price LL et al. (2005) Optical coherence tomography longitudinal evaluation of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in glaucoma. Arch Ophthalmol 123(4):464–470
Zeyen T, Miglior S, Pfeiffer N et al. (2003) Reproducibility of evaluation of optic disc change for glaucoma with stereo optic disc photographs. Ophthalmology 110(2):340–344
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Strouthidis, N.G., Garway-Heath, D.F. (2009). Detecting Glaucoma Progression by Imaging. In: Grehn, F., Stamper, R. (eds) Glaucoma. Essentials in Ophthalmology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69475-5_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69475-5_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-69472-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-69475-5
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)