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Inflammation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: What is the Evidence?

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Uveitis and Immunological Disorders

Part of the book series: Essentials in Ophthalmology ((ESSENTIALS))

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The concept that chronic inflammation may be associated with AMD has emerged over the last twenty years. Chronic inflammatory infiltrates (macrophages, lymphocytes and mast cells) have been demonstrated in the choroid of donor eyes with AMD [1, 2]. Analyses of drusen composition in both animal models and in patients with early-stage AMD have revealed evidence of inflammatory and immune-mediated processes, including components of the complement cascade. The resurgence of interest in this concept is largely attributed to recent genetic studies in which complement factor H (a key inhibitor of the alternative pathway of complement activation) and factor B (a key factor in the activation of the alternative pathway) gene polymorphisms have been reported to be significant predisposing factors to both early and late AMD in several independent studies (see review in [3]). Over the last few years, extensive studies have revealed more evidence supporting a possible role for local/systemic inflammation in the etiology of AMD. This chapter summarizes our current understanding of the role of inflammation in the etiology of AMD and discusses some novel ideas on how inflammations may lead to the formation of drusen or subretinal neovasculariza-tion and the apoptosis of RPE/photoreceptor cells.

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Xu, H., Forrester, J.V. (2009). Inflammation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: What is the Evidence?. In: Uveitis and Immunological Disorders. Essentials in Ophthalmology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69459-5_7

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