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Regulationsmechanismen der Transkription in Eukaryonten

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Grundlagen der Molekularen Medizin

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Die von Generation zu Generation weitergegebene, also vererbte, Information bezeichnet man als das Genom. Diese Information beinhaltet in kodierter Form die Anleitung zur Produktion von Proteinen, und diese Proteine wiederum bestimmen die Entwicklung von einzelnen Zellen, komplexeren Organen bis hin zum vollständigen Organismus. Das Genom besteht aus Desoxyribonukleinsäure (DNA) und ist untergliedert in Untereinheiten, den sog. Genen. Jedes Gen enthält die Information für ein Protein. Der Mensch z. B. besitzt ca. 25.000 Gene. Jedes Gen enthält einen transkribierten Bereich (Matrize), der mittels einer RNA-Polymerase in Ribonukleinsäure (RNA) umgeschrieben wird. Nur ein Teil dieses transkribierten Abschnitts trägt die Information für ein Protein, andere Bereiche wiederum tragen keine Informationen für die Proteinsynthese und werden nach der Transkription wieder aus dem RNA-Transkript entfernt. Neben den transkribierten Bereichen gibt es regulatorische Abschnitte, die nicht in RNA umgeschrieben werden. Diese regulatorischen Abschnitte bestimmen, wie oft ein Gen transkribiert wird, d. h., wie viel RNA-Kopien von einem Gen angefertigt werden.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Genetik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392, Gießen

    Prof. Dr. Rainer Renkawitz & Dr. Joerg Leers

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  1. Prof. Dr. Rainer Renkawitz
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  2. Dr. Joerg Leers
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Der Vorstandsvorsitzende (CEO), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin

    Detlev Ganten

  2. Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin-Buch

    Klaus Ruckpaul

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Renkawitz, R., Leers, J. (2008). Regulationsmechanismen der Transkription in Eukaryonten. In: Ganten, D., Ruckpaul, K. (eds) Grundlagen der Molekularen Medizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69414-4_6

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