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Mitochondriale DNA des Menschen

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Grundlagen der Molekularen Medizin

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Ein Primärmerkmal von Eukaryonten ist der Besitz von Mitochondrien als Bestandteile des Zytoplasmas. Mitochondrien sind zumeist stäbchenförmig und messen zwischen 0,2–1 µm im Durchmesser und 2–8 µm in Längsrichtung. Ihre Zahl schwankt je nach Zelltyp zwischen wenigen Dutzenden in den Spermien und primordialen Keimzellen bis zu Zehntausenden in Leberzellen oder reifen Oozyten. Die bisherige Vorstellung von Mitochondrien als solitären Zellorganellen ist jedoch nicht länger haltbar; Mitochondrien durchziehen die Zelle als verzweigte Netzwerke, welche dynamischen Fusions- und Spaltungsprozessen unterliegen. Die Mitochondrien einer Zelle bilden somit eine strukturelle und physiologische Einheit, die man als mitochondriales Retikulum bezeichnet (Okamoto u. Shaw 2005).

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  1. Molekulargenetisches Labor Forschungsinstitut für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Röntgenweg 11, 72076, Tübingen

    Dr. Bernd Wissinger

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  1. Der Vorstandsvorsitzende (CEO), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin

    Detlev Ganten

  2. Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin-Buch

    Klaus Ruckpaul

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Wissinger, B. (2008). Mitochondriale DNA des Menschen. In: Ganten, D., Ruckpaul, K. (eds) Grundlagen der Molekularen Medizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69414-4_5

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