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Viruses and Nanotechnology pp 1–21Cite as

Chemical Modification of Viruses and Virus-Like Particles

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Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 327))

Protein capsids derived from viruses may be modified by methods, generated, isolated, and purified on large scales with relative ease. In recent years, methods for their chemical derivatization have been employed to broaden the properties and functions accessible to investigators desiring monodisperse, atomic-resolution structures on the nanometer scale. Here we review the reactions and methods used in these endeavors, including the modification of lysine, cysteine, and tyrosine side chains, as well as the installation of unnatural amino acids, with particular attention to the special challenges imposed by the polyvalency and size of virus-based scaffolds.

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Abbreviations

CCMV::

Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus

CPMV::

Cowpea mosaic virus

DMSO::

Dimethyl sulfoxide

EDC::

1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethyllaminopropyl)carb odiimide hydrochloride

HBA::

Hepatitis B virus

HSP::

Heat shock protein

MjHSP::

Methanococcus jannaschii heat shock protein

MMPP::

Magnesium monoper-oxyphthalate

MRI::

Magnetic resonance imaging

NHS::

N-hydroxysuccinimide

NɷV::

Nudaurelia capensis ɷ virus

RNA::

Ribonucleic acid

TMV::

Tobacco mosaic virus

TYMV::

Turnip yellow mosaic virus

UV::

Ultraviolet

VNP::

Viral nanoparticles

VLP:

Virus-like particle

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dynavax Technologies Corp., 2929 Seventh Street, Suite 100, Berkeley, CA, 94710-2753, USA

    E. Strable

  2. CB248, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA

    M. G. Finn

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  1. Department of Cell Biology Center for Integrative Molecular Biosciences, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, CB262, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA

    Marianne Manchester  & Nicole F. Steinmetz  & 

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Strable, E., Finn, M.G. (2009). Chemical Modification of Viruses and Virus-Like Particles. In: Manchester, M., Steinmetz, N.F. (eds) Viruses and Nanotechnology. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 327. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69379-6_1

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