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Acne and Genetics

  • Chapter
Pathogenesis and Treatment of Acne and Rosacea

Abstract

Hecht [1] was the first who studied the role of heredity in acne. Neonatal, nodulocystic, and conglobate acne have proven genetic influences [2]. Postadolescent acne is related with a first-degree relative with the condition in 50 % of the cases. Chromosomal abnormalities, HLA phenotypes, and polymorphisms of various genes have been associated with acne. Data from family studies confirmed familial clustering [3–5]. High heritability estimates for acne in twins were reported [6, 7]. Higher correlations of sebum excretion and the proportion of branched fatty acids in the fraction of sebaceous wax esters were found in monozygotic vs. dizygotic twins [8, 9]. A large twin study demonstrated that 81 % of the variance of the disease was attributed to additive genetic effects, whereas the remaining 19 % was attributed to unique, unshared environmental factors [10]. Apolipoprotein A1 serum levels were significantly lower in acne twins [10]. A family history of acne is associated with earlier occurrence of the disease, increased number of retentional lesions, and therapeutic difficulties, especially a higher risk for a relapse after oral isotretinoin treatment [11]. Another twin study revealed that heritability of acne on the back was very high [12]. Remarkably, at age 14 years, facial acne in girls was less influenced by genetic factors than in boys and was significantly influenced by common environmental factors [12].

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Abbreviations

ACTH:

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

AR:

Androgen receptor

DHEAS:

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate

DHT:

Dihydrotestosterone

FGF:

Fibroblast growth factor

FGFR:

Fibroblast growth factor receptor

FoxO:

Forkhead box class O transcription factor

GH:

Growth hormone

GHR:

Growth hormone receptor

IGF:

Insulin-like growth factor-1

IGF1R:

Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor

IL-1:

Interleukin 1

IR:

Insulin receptor

LH:

Luteinizing hormone

LXR:

Liver X receptor

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

MC1R:

Melanocortin 1 receptor

MC5R:

Melanocortin 5 receptor

MMP:

Matrix metalloproteinase

PCOS:

Polycystic ovary syndrome

PI3K:

Phosphoinositide-3-kinase

PLC:

Phospholipase C

POMC:

Proopiomelanocortin

PPAR:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor

RAR:

Retinoic acid receptor

RXR:

Retinoid X receptor

SHH:

Sonic hedgehog

SNP:

Single nucleotide polymorphism

SREBP:

Sterol regulatory element binding protein

5αR-I:

5 Alpha reductase type 1

TLR:

Toll-like receptor

TNF:

Tumor necrosis factor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Sedanstrasse 115, 49090, Osnabrück, Germany

    Bodo C. Melnik

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  1. Bodo C. Melnik
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Correspondence to Bodo C. Melnik .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology, and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Dessau, Germany

    Christos C. Zouboulis

  2. Department of Dermatology, Andreas Syngros Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece

    Andreas D. Katsambas

  3. Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    Albert M. Kligman

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Melnik, B.C. (2014). Acne and Genetics. In: Zouboulis, C., Katsambas, A., Kligman, A. (eds) Pathogenesis and Treatment of Acne and Rosacea. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69375-8_14

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69375-8_14

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