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Microbial Activity in Frozen Soils

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Permafrost Soils

Part of the book series: Soil Biology ((SOILBIOL,volume 16))

This chapter is a review on metabolic activity of microorganisms in permafrost and frozen tundra soils. Several noteworthy limitations resulted from critical analysis of available techniques, in particular regarding soil respiration: the apparent CO2 flux from frozen soil was shown to overestimate the actual microbial activity due to abiotic release of CO2 accumulated in the sample. Even acidic non-carbonaceous soils contain a large pool (up to 40% of the total soil C) of bound CO2 overlooked by soil chemists. The method of choice seems to be 14CO2 uptake which can be used to detect separately activities of photo-, chemolitho- and chemoorganotrophic microorganisms. Permafrost allows gas exchange (D= 6.9 10-9 cm2 sec-1 for 14CO2 at – 20°C) and contains unfrozen water; these two factors are sufficient to support activity of specialized microorganisms in the temperature range 0 to – 40°C. The preferable growth substrates were shown to be gases and volatiles (ethanol, methane). A new cultivation approach based on the use of solid frozen media was developed as a substitute of traditional liquid media with antifreezes. Enrichments were grown on the solid ethanol-microcrystal cellulose powder frozen to – 8°C. Several organisms able to grow in frozen media without antifreezes were isolated from Alaskan permafrost including novel bacterial species (Polaromonas hydrogenovorans, Pseudmonas sp, and Arthrobacter sp.) as well as basidiomycetous yeasts (order Leucosporidiales) and mycelial fungi of the family Stereaceae. The last organisms turned out to be able active down to – 25°C.

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  1. Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 8000 Cummings, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA

    Nicolai S. Panikov

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  1. Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria

    Rosa Margesin

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Panikov, N.S. (2009). Microbial Activity in Frozen Soils. In: Margesin, R. (eds) Permafrost Soils. Soil Biology, vol 16. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69371-0_9

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