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Conducting Polymers with Micro or Nanometer Structure pp 47–87Cite as

Physical Properties and Associated Applications of Conducting Polymers

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Abstract

A great number of articles, reviews, and books about conducting polymers and their applications are available in the literature [1]. As mentioned in Chapter 1, the intrinsically conductive nature of the conducting polymers arises from a unique bonding structure along the polymer backbone, consisting of alternating double (π) and single (π) bonds. If an electron is added to the conjugated polymer backbone (via reduction, n-type doping) or removed from it (via oxidation, p-type doping) during the chemical or electrochemical doping process, then the charge can freely travel down these conjugation paths when an electrical potential is applied. The electrical conductivity covers whole insulator (<10−7 S/cm)-semiconductor (10−5 to 10−1 S/cm)-metal (102 to 105 S/cm) range depending on the doping degree. The conductivity achieved depends strongly on the type of dopant, the polymer characteristics (such as specific repeat unit and molecular mass, chain defects such as branching and chemical heterogeneity), and how the polymer was processed. For example, stretching doped conducting polymer films can increase their conductivity by two orders of magnitude as a result of the anisotropic alignment of the polymer chains [2].

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(2008). Physical Properties and Associated Applications of Conducting Polymers. In: Conducting Polymers with Micro or Nanometer Structure. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69323-9_3

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