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Pediatric Ophthalmology pp 97–111Cite as

Exotropic Deviations

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Abstract

• Exotropic deviations include exophoria, infantile exotropia, sensory exotropia, consecutive exotropia, intermittent exotropia, and dissociated horizontal deviation.

• The decision whether to treat should be based on control, and how to treat is based on the magnitude of the deviation.

• Burian’s classic treatment recommendations and classification of exotropia are based on some assumptions that are probably incorrect. They need not be strictly followed.

• Intermittent exotropes with a true high AC/A ratio are uncommon but do exist. Standard surgery based on the distance angle frequently results in an overcorrection at near.

• Patients with fusional convergence insufficiency are different from exotropes with accommodative convergence insufficiency; the latter have a low or absent AC/A ratio and are difficult to treat surgically; the former do well with orthoptic exercises.

• Patients with intermittent exotropia and monofixation syndrome have a poorer sensory outcome after surgery.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, 2870 University Avenue, Suite 206, 53705, Madison, WI, USA

    Burton J. Kushner

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  1. Burton J. Kushner
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Albert Florens Storm Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, 167, Ashley Avenue, 29425, Charleston, SC, USA

    M. Edward Wilson , Rupal H. Trivedi  & Richard A. Saunders ,  & 

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Kushner, B. (2009). Exotropic Deviations. In: Wilson, M., Trivedi, R., Saunders, R. (eds) Pediatric Ophthalmology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68632-3_9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68632-3_9

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