Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Pediatric Oncology ((PEDIATRICO))

  • 1314 Accesses

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 219.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 279.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Bleyer WA, OLeary M, Barr R, Ries LAG (eds) (2006) Cancer Epidemiology in Older Adolescents and Young Adults 15 to 29 Years of Age, including SEER Incidence and Survival, 1975–2000. National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 06-5767, Bethesda MD; also available at www.seer.cancer.gov/publications

    Google Scholar 

  2. Surveillance Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program Public-Use CD-ROM (1973–1997). National Cancer Institute, DCCPS, Cancer Surveillance Research Program, Cancer Statistics Branch, released April 2000, based on August 1999 submission

    Google Scholar 

  3. Bothroyd A, Carty H (1994) Breast masses in childhood and adolescence. Pediatr Radiol 24:81–85

    Google Scholar 

  4. Ferguson TB Jr, McCarty KS Jr, Filston HC (1987) Juvenile secretory carcinoma and juvenile papillomatosis: diagnosis and treatment. J Pediatr Surg 22:637–639

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Rosen PP, Cranor ML (1991) Secretory carcinoma of the breast. Arch Pathol Lab Med 115:141–144

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Serour F, Gilad A, Kopolovic J, Krispin M (1992) Secretory breast cancer in childhood and adolescence: report of a case and review of the literature. Med Pediatr Oncol 20:341–344

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Adami HO, Malker B, Holmberg L, et al (1986) The relation between survival and age at diagnosis in breast cancer. N Engl J Med 315:559–563

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Host H, Lund E (1986) Age as a prognostic factor in breast cancer. Cancer 57:2217–2221

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. De La Rochefordiere A, Asselain B, Campana F, et al (1993) Age as prognostic factor in premenopausal breast carcinoma. Lancet 341(8852):1039–1043

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Walker RA, Lees E, Webb MB, Dearing SJ (1996) Breast carcinomas occurring in young women (< 35 years) are different. Br J Cancer 74:1796–800

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Winchester DP, Osteen RT, Menck HR (1996) The National Cancer Data Base report on breast carcinoma characteristics and outcome in relation to age. Cancer 78:1838–1843

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Kollias J, Elston CW, Ellis IO, et al (1997) Early-onset breast cancer: histopathological and prognostic consideration. Br J Cancer 75:1318–1323

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Chung M, Chang HR, Bland KI, Wanebo HJ (1996) Younger women with breast carcinoma have a poorer prognosis than older women. Cancer 77:97–103

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Swanson GM, Lin CS (1994) Survival patterns among younger women with breast cancer: the effects of age, race, stage, and treatment. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 16:69–77

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Albain KS, Allred DC, Clark GM (1994) Breast cancer outcome and predictors of outcome: are there age differentials? J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 16:35–42

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Holli K, Isola J (1997) Effect of age on the survival of breast cancer patients. Eur J Cancer 33:425–428

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Kroman N, Jensen MB, Wohlfahrt J, et al (2000) Factors influencing the effect of age on prognosis in breast cancer: population based study. BMJ 320(7233):474–478

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Goldhirsch A, Glick JH, Gelber RD, et al (2001) Meeting highlights: International Consensus Panel on the Treatment of Primary Breast Cancer. Seventh International Conference on Adjuvant Therapy of Primary Breast Cancer. J Clin Oncol 19:3817–3827

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Panel of the National Institutes of Health Consensus Development (2001) National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement: Adjuvant Therapy for breast cancer, November 1–3, 2000. J Natl Cancer Inst 30:5–15

    Google Scholar 

  20. Schag CA, Ganz PA, Polinsky ML, et al (1993) Characteristics of women at risk for psychosocial distress in the year after breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 11:783–793

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Bloom JR, Kessler L (1994) Risk and timing of counselling and support interventions for younger women with breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 16:199–206

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Roberts CS, Cox CE, Reintgen DS, et al (1994) Influence of physician communication on newly diagnosed breast patients’ psychologic adjustment and decisionmaking. Cancer 74:336–341

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Shavers VL, Harlan LC, Stevens JL (2003) Racial/Ethnic variations in clinical presentation, treatment and survival among breast cancer patients under 35. Cancer 97:134–147

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Aebi S, De Ridder M, Vlastos G, et al (2006) Young age is a poor prognostic factor in women with stage I breast cancer Eur J Cancer Suppl 4:120

    Google Scholar 

  25. Ashley S, Royle GT, Corder A, et al (1989) Clinical, radiological and cytological diagnosis of breast cancer in young women. Br J Surg 76:835–837

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Brand IR, Sapherson DA, Brown TS (1993) Breast imaging in women under 35 with symptomatic breast disease. Br J Radiol 66:394–397

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Hochman MG, Orel SG, Powell CM, et al (1997) Fibroadenomas: MR imaging appearances with radiologic-histopathologic correlation. Radiology 204:123–129

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Colleoni M, Rotmensz N, Robertson C, et al (2002) Very young women (<35 years) with operable breast cancer: features of disease at presentation. Ann Oncol 13:273–279

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Nixon AJ, Neuberg D, Hayes DF, et al (1994) Relationship of patient age to pathologic features of the tumor and prognosis for patients with stage I or II breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 12:888–894

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Dubsky PC, Gnant MF, Taucher S, et al (2002) Young age as an independent adverse prognostic factor in premenopausal patients with breast cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 3:65–72

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Kothari AS, Beechey-Newman N, D’Arrigo C, et al (2002) Breast carcinoma in women age 25 years or less. Cancer 94:606–614

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Xiong Q, Valero V, Kau V, et al (2001) Female patients with breast carcinoma age 30 years and younger have a poor prognosis: the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center experience. Cancer 92:2523–2528

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Goldhirsch A, Gelber RD, Yothers G, et al (2001) Adjuvant therapy for very young women with breast cancer: need for tailored treatments. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 30:44–51

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Aebi S, Gelber S, Castiglione-Gertsch M, et al (2000) Is chemotherapy alone adequate for young women with oestrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer? Lancet 355(9218):1869–1874

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Shannon C, Smith IE (2003) Breast cancer in adolescents and young women. Eur J Cancer 39:2632–2642

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Gonzalez-Angulo AM, Broglio K, Kau SW, et al (2005) Women age 35 years or younger with primary breast carcinoma: disease features at presentation. Cancer 103:2466–2472

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Kurtz JM, Jacquemier J, Amalric R, et al (1990) Why are local recurrences after breast-conserving therapy more frequent in younger patients? J Clin Oncol 8:591–598

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Arriagada R, Le MG, Contesso G, et al (2002) Predictive factors for local recurrence in 2006 patients with surgically resected small breast cancer. Ann Oncol 13:1404–1413

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Voogd AC, Nielsen M, Peterse JL, et al (2001) Differences in risk factors for local and distant recurrence after breast-conserving therapy or mastectomy for stage I and II breast cancer: pooled results of two large European randomized trials. J Clin Oncol 19:1688–1697

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Calle R, Vilcoq JR, Zafrani B, et al (1986) Local control and survival of breast cancer treated by limited surgery followed by irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 12:873–878

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. van Limbergen E, van den Bogaert W, van der Schueren E, Rijnders A (1987) Tumor excision and radiotherapy as primary treatment of breast cancer. Analysis of patient and treatment parameters and local control. Radiother Oncol 8:1–9

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Kini VR, White JR, Horwitz EM, et al (1998) Long term results with breast-conserving therapy for patients with early stage breast carcinoma in a community hospital setting. Cancer 82:127–133

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Voogd AC, Peterse JL, Crommelin MA, et al (1999) Histological determinants for different types of local recurrence after breast-conserving therapy of invasive breast cancer. Dutch Study Group on local Recurrence after Breast Conservation (BORST). Eur J Cancer 35:1828–1837

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. 43. Schnitt SJ, Connolly JL, Harris JR, et al (1984) Pathologic predictors of early local recurrence in Stage I and II breast cancer treated by primary radiation therapy. Cancer 53:1049–1057

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Osteen RT, Connolly JL, Recht A, et al (1987) Identification of patients at high risk for local recurrence after conservative surgery and radiation therapy for stage I or II breast cancer. Arch Surg 122:1248–1252

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Veronesi U, Marubini E, Del Vecchio M, et al (1995) Local recurrences and distant metastases after conservative breast cancer treatments: partly independent events. J Natl Cancer Inst 87:19–27

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Fourquet A, Campana F, Zafrani B, et al (1989) Prognostic factors of breast recurrence in the conservative management of early breast cancer: a 25-year followup. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 17:719–725

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Dewar JA, Arriagada R, Benhamou S, et al (1995) Local relapse and contralateral tumor rates in patients with breast cancer treated with conservative surgery and radiotherapy (Institut Gustave Roussy 1970–1982). IGR Breast Cancer Group. Cancer 76:2260–2265

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Schnitt SJ, Abner A, Gelman R, et al (1994) The relationship between microscopic margins of resection and the risk of local recurrence in patients with breast cancer treated with breast-conserving surgery and radiation therapy. Cancer 74:1746–1751

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Macmillan RD, Purushotham AD, Mallon E, et al (1997) Tumour bed positivity predicts outcome after breast-conserving surgery. Br J Surg 84:1559–1562

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group (1998) Polychemotherapy for early breast cancer: an overview of the randomised trials. Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group. Lancet 352(9132):930–942

    Google Scholar 

  52. Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group (1998) Tamoxifen for early breast cancer: an overview of the randomised trials. Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group. Lancet 351(9114):1451–1467

    Google Scholar 

  53. Levine MN, Bramwell VH, Pritchard KI, et al (1998) Randomized trial of intensive cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, and fluorouracil chemotherapy compared with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil in premenopausal women with node-positive breast cancer. National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. J Clin Oncol 16:2651–2658

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Henderson IC, Berry DA, Demetri GD, et al (2003) Improved outcomes from adding sequential paclitaxel but not from escalating doxorubicin dose in an adjuvant chemotherapy regimen for patients with node-positive primary breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 21:976–983

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Mamounas EP, Bryant J, Lembersky BC, et al (2005) Paclitaxel following doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide as adjuvant chemotherapy for node-positive breast cancer: Results from NSABP B-28. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 22:4 (abstract 12)

    Google Scholar 

  56. Nabholtz JM, Pienkowski T, Mackey J, et al (2002) Phase III trial comparing TAC (docetaxel, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide) with FAC (5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide) in the adjuvant treatment of node positive breast cancer patients: interim analysis of the BCIRG 001 study. Am Soc Clin Oncol 20:22a (abstract 141)

    Google Scholar 

  57. Citron M, Berry DA, Cirroncione C, et al (2003) Randomized trial of dose-dense versus conventionally scheduled and sequential versus concurrent combination chemotherapy as postoperative adjuvant treatment of node-positive primary breast cancer: First report of Intergroup trial C9741/Cancer and Leukemia Group B trial 9741. J Clin Oncol 21:1431–1439

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Goldhirsch A, Gelber RD, Castiglione M (1990) The magnitude of endocrine effects of adjuvant chemotherapy for premenopausal breast cancer patients. The International Breast Cancer Study Group. Ann Oncol 1:183–188

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Bianco AR, Del Mastro L, Gallo C, et al (1991) Prognostic role of amenorrhea induced by adjuvant chemotherapy in premenopausal patients with early breast cancer. Br J Cancer 63:799–803

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Jonat W (2000) Zoladex versus CMF adjuvant therapy in pre/peri-menopausal breast cancer: tolerability and amenorrhea comparisons. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 19:87a (abstract 333)

    Google Scholar 

  61. Richards MA, O’Reilly SM, Howell A, et al (1990) Adjuvant cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil in patients with axillary node-positive breast cancer: an update of the Guy’s/Manchester trial. J Clin Oncol 8:2032–2039

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Goodwin PJ, Ennis M, Pritchard KI, et al (1999) Risk of menopause during the first year after breast cancer diagnosis. J Clin Oncol 17:2365–2370

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Boccardo F, Rubagotti A, Amoroso D, et al (2000) Cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil versus tamoxifen plus ovarian suppression as adjuvant treatment of estrogen receptor-positive pre-/perimenopausal breast cancer patients: results of the Italian Breast Cancer Adjuvant Study Group 02 randomized trial. J Clin Oncol 18:2718–2727

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Jakesz R, Hausmaninger H, Kubista E, et al (2002) Randomized adjuvant trial of tamoxifen and goserelin versus cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil: evidence for the superiority of treatment with endocrine blockade in premenopausal patients with hormone-responsive breast cancer — Austrian Breast and Colorectal Cancer Study Group Trial 5. J Clin Oncol 20:4621–4627

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Jonat W, Kaufmann M, Sauerbrei W, et al (2002) Goserelin versus cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil as adjuvant therapy in premenopausal patients with node-positive breast cancer: The Zoladex Early Breast Cancer Research Association Study. J Clin Oncol 20:4628–4635

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Davidson NE, O’Neill A, Vukov A, et al (1999) Effect of chemohormonal therapy in premenopausal, node +, receptor + breast cancer: an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group phase III intergroup trial (E5188, INT-0101). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 18:249a (abstract 67)

    Google Scholar 

  67. Bines J, Oleske D, Cobleigh M (1996) Ovarian function in premenopausal women treated with adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 14:1718–1729

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Meirow D (1999) Ovarian injury and modern options to preserve fertility in female cancer patients treated with high dose radio-chemotherapy for hemato-oncological neoplasias and other cancers. Leuk Lymph 33:65–76

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Lower E, Blau R, Gazder P, Tummala R (1999) The risk of premature menopause induced by chemotherapy for early breast cancer. J Womens Health Gen Based Med 8:949–954

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Del Mastro L, Venturini M, Sertoli MR, Rosso R (1997) Amenorrhea induced by adjuvant chemotherapy in early breast cancer patients: prognostic role and clinical implications. Breast Cancer Res Treat 43:183–190

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Fox K, Ball JE, Mick R, Moor HCF (2001) Prevention of chemotherapy-associated amenorrhoea with Leuprolide in young women with early-stage breast cancer. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 20:25a (abstract 98)

    Google Scholar 

  72. Recchia F, Sica G, De Filippis S, et al (2002) Goserelin as ovarian protection in the adjuvant treatment of premenopausal breast cancer: a phase II pilot study. Anticancer Drugs 13:417–424

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Lishner M (2003) Cancer in pregnancy. Ann Oncol 14:31–36

    Google Scholar 

  74. Anderson BO, Petrek JA, Byrd DR, et al (1996) Pregnancy influences breast cancer stage at diagnosis in women 30 years of age and younger. Ann Surg Oncol 3:204–211

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Zemlickis D, Lishner M, Degendorfer P, et al (1992) Maternal and fetal outcome after breast cancer in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 166:781–787

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Clark RM, Reid, J (1978) Carcinoma of the breast in pregnancy and lactation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 4:693–698

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Bonnier P, Romain S, Dilhuydy JM (1997) Influence of pregnancy on the outcome of breast cancer: a case-control study. Int J Cancer 72:751–755

    Google Scholar 

  78. Petrek J (1994) Breast cancer during pregnancy. Cancer 74:518–527

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Doll D (1989) Antineoplastic agents and pregnancy. Semin Oncol 16:337–346

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Tretli S, Kvalheim G, Thoreson S, Host H (1988) Survival of breast cancer patients diagnosed during pregnancy and lactation. Br J Cancer 58:382–384

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Difronzo LA, O’Connell TX (1996) Breast cancer in pregnancy and lactation. Surg Clin North Am 76:267–278

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Kroman N, Mouridsen HT (2003) Prognostic influence of pregnancy before, around and after diagnosis of breast cancer. Breast 12:516–521

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Li FP, Fraumeni JF Jr (1969) Soft-tissue sarcomas, breast cancer, and other neoplasms. A familial syndrome? Ann Intern Med 71:747–752

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Nelen MR, Padberg GW, Peeters EA, et al (1996) Localization of the gene for Cowden disease to chromosome 10q22-23. Nat Genet 13:114–116

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Miller A (1997) Screening by breast self examination. In: Jatoi I (ed) Breast Cancer Screening. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  86. Burke W, Daly M, Garber J, et al (1997) Recommendations for follow-up care of individuals with an inherited predisposition to cancer. II. BRCA1 and BRCA2. Cancer Genetics Studies Consortium. JAMA 277:997–1003

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Brekelmans CT, Seynaeve C, Bartels CC, et al (2001) Effectiveness of breast cancer surveillance in BRCA1/2 gene mutation carriers and women with high familial risk. J Clin Oncol 19:924–930

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Scheuer L, Kauff N, Robson M, et al (2002) Outcome of preventive surgery and screening for breast and ovarian cancer in BRCA mutation carriers. J Clin Oncol 20:1260–1268

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Stoutjesdijk MJ, Boetes C, Jager GJ, et al (2001) Magnetic resonance imaging and mammography in women with a hereditary risk of breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 93:1095–1102

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Warner E, Plewes DB, Shumak RS, et al (2001) Comparison of breast magnetic resonance imaging, mammography, and ultrasound for surveillance of women at high risk for hereditary breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 19:3524–3531

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Warner E, Plewes DB, Hill KA, et al (2004) Surveillance of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers with magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, mammography, and clinical breast examination. JAMA 292:1317–1325

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Kriege M, Brekelmans CT, Boetes C, et al (2004) Efficacy of MRI and mammography for breast-cancer screening in women with a familial or genetic predisposition. N Engl J Med 351:427–437

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Fisher B, Costantino JP, Wickerham DL, et al (1998) Tamoxifen for prevention of breast cancer: report of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project P-1 Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 90:1371–1388

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Chlebowski RT, Col N, Winer EP, et al (2002) American society of clinical oncology technology assessment of pharmacologic interventions for breast cancer risk reduction including tamoxifen, raloxifene, and aromatase inhibition. J Clin Oncol 20:3328–3343

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. King MC, Wieand S, Hale K, et al (2001) Tamoxifen and breast cancer incidence among women with inherited mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2: National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABPP1) Breast Cancer Prevention Trial. JAMA 286:2251–2256

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Narod SA, Brunet JS, Ghadirian P, et al (2000) Tamoxifen and risk of contralateral breast cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers: a case-control study. Hereditary Breast Cancer Clinical Study Group. Lancet 356:1876–1881

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Kauff ND, Satagopan JM, Robson ME, et al (2002) Riskreducing salpingo-oophorectomy in women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. N Engl J Med 346:1609–1615

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Rebbeck TR, Lynch HT, Neuhausen SL, et al (2002) Prophylactic oophorectomy in carriers of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. N Engl J Med 346:1616–1622

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Hartmann LC, Schaid DJ, Woods JE, et al (1999) Efficacy of bilateral prophylactic mastectomy in women with a family history of breast cancer. N Engl J Med 340:77–84

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Hartmann LC, Sellers TA, Schaid DJ, et al (2001) Efficacy of bilateral prophylactic mastectomy in BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutation carriers. JNCI Cancer Spectrum 93:1633–1637

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Meijers-Heijboer H, van Geel B, van Putten WL, et al (2001) Breast cancer after prophylactic bilateral mastectomy in women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. N Engl J Med 345:159–164

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Rebbeck TR, Friebel T, Lynch HT, et al (2004) Bilateral prophylactic mastectomy reduces breast cancer risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers: the PROSE Study Group. J Clin Oncol 22:1055–1062

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Parazzini F, Braga C, La Vecchia C, et al (1997) Hysterectomy, oophorectomy in premenopause, and risk of breast cancer. Obstet Gynecol 90:453–456

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Schairer C, Persson I, Falkeborn M, et al (1997) Breast cancer risk associated with gynecologic surgery and indications for such surgery. Int J Cancer 70:150–154

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Meijer WJ, van Lindert AC (1992) Prophylactic oophorectomy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 47:59–65

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Struewing JP, Watson P, Easton DF, et al (1995) Prophylactic oophorectomy in inherited breast/ovarian cancer families. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 17:33–35

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Rebbeck TR, Levin AM, Eisen A, et al (1999) Breast cancer risk after bilateral prophylactic oophorectomy in BRCA1 mutation carriers. J Natl Cancer Inst 91:1475–1479

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Bhatia S, Robison LL, Oberlin O, et al (1996) Breast cancer and other second neoplasms after childhood Hodgkin disease. N Engl J Med 334:745–751

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Diller L, Medeiros Nancarrow C, Shaffer K, et al (2002) Breast cancer screening in women previously treated for Hodgkin disease: a prospective cohort study. J Clin Oncol 20:2085–2091

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Northouse LL (1994) Breast cancer in younger women: effects on interpersonal and family relations. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 16:183–190

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Ganz PA, Greendale GA, Peterson L, et al (2003) Breast cancer in younger women: reproductive and late health effects of treatment. J Clin Oncol 21:4184–4193

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  112. Farash J (1979) Effect of counselling on resolution of loss and body image following a mastectomy. Dissertation Abstracts International 39:4027B

    Google Scholar 

  113. Van den Borne H, Pruyn J, Van den Heuvel WJ (1987) Effects of contracts between cancer patients on their psychosocial problems. Patient Educ Couns 1:33–51

    Google Scholar 

  114. Partridge AH, Gelber S, Peppercorn J, et al (2004) Webbased survey of fertility issues in young women with breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 22:4174–4183

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. Schain WS, d’Angelo TM, Dunn ME, et al (1994) Mastectomy versus conservative surgery and radiation therapy. Psychosocial consequences. Cancer 73:1221–1228

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2007 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Phillips, M., Arun, B., Archie Bleyer, W. (2007). Breast Cancer. In: Bleyer, W.A., Barr, R.D. (eds) Cancer in Adolescents and Young Adults. Pediatric Oncology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68152-6_18

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68152-6_18

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-40842-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-68152-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics