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Understanding Shock-Induced Changes in Molecular Crystals

  • Chapter
Static Compression of Energetic Materials

Part of the book series: Shock Wave and High Pressure Phenomena ((SHOCKWAVE))

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Understanding the response of molecular crystals to shock-wave compression is of considerable interest to shock-wave research. This is, in part, because most energetic materials (EM) are made of molecular crystals (MC). Because of their high compressibility, low threshold for inelastic deformation, and low symmetry, molecular crystals tend to undergo a variety of physical and chemical changes under shock compression. The changes largely depend on the stress history, and involve deformation, increased temperature, and are of short duration. The microscopic processes occurring in molecular solids under these conditions are rather complex. They can involve the molecular and crystal transformations, and formation or dissociation of chemical bonds, all in a very short time. In energetic materials, an extensive decomposition can occur. To reveal and unravel these effects from a single event of the shock experiment is scientifically very challenging. Because of the complexity of the problem and experimental and theoretical limitations, our understanding of molecular-level processes in shocked molecular crystals/energetic crystals is limited. The governing microscopic mechanisms, both in the unreacted and reacted molecular crystals, remain largely unidentified.

Over the last 20 years, various approaches have been undertaken to increase the level of understanding of physical and chemical processes occurring in shocked energetic materials. They include experimental as well as theoretical and computational efforts. Good recent reviews of these efforts can be found in [1–3], and other chapters in this book. Synergy between these fields has been a challenging requirement, because the time and length scales of current experiments are many orders of magnitude larger than those in atomistic models. Despite this, the advances are being made in developing experimental approaches that provide more detailed information on molecular processes in compressed energetic materials.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, 642816, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA

    Zbigniew A. Dreger

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  1. Zbigniew A. Dreger
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  1. Defense Threat Reduction Agency, 8725 Kingman Road, Fort Belvoir, VA, 22060-6201, USA

    Suhithi M. Peiris

  2. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-1070, USA

    Gasper J. Piermarini

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Dreger, Z.A. (2009). Understanding Shock-Induced Changes in Molecular Crystals. In: Peiris, S.M., Piermarini, G.J. (eds) Static Compression of Energetic Materials. Shock Wave and High Pressure Phenomena. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68151-9_6

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