Abstract
Towards building new, friendlier human-computer interaction and multimedia interactive services systems, we developed a neural network-based image processing system (called NEU-FACES), which first determines automatically whether or not there are any faces in given images and, if so, returns the location and extent of each face. Next, NEU-FACES uses neural network-based classifiers, which allow the classification of several facial expressions from features that we develop and describe. In the process of building NEU-FACES, we conducted an empirical study in which we specify related design requirements and, study statistically the expression recognition performance of humans. In this paper, we make and evaluation of performance of our NEU-FACES system versus the human’s expression recognition performance.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Stathopoulou, I.-O., Tsihrintzis, G.A.: Facial Expression Classification: Specifying Requirements for an Automated System. In: 10th International Conference on Knowledge-Based & Intelligent Information & Engineering Systems, Bournemouth, United Kingdom, October 9-11 (2006)
Ekman, P., Friesen, W.: Unmasking the face: A Guide to Recognizing Emotions from Facial Expressions. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1975)
Terzopoulos, D., Waters, K.: Analysis and synthesis of facial image sequences using physical and anatomical models. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 15(6), 569–579 (1993)
Essa, I., Pentland, A.: Coding, analysis, interpretation and recognition of facial expressions. IEEE Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 19(7), 757–763 (1997)
Black, M.J., Yacoob, Y.: Recognizing facial expressions under rigid and non-rigid facial motions. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 12–17. IEEE Press, Los Alamitos (1995)
Lisetti, C.L., Schiano, D.J.: Automatic Facial Expression Interpretation: Where Human-Computer Interaction, Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science Intersect. Pragmatics and Cognition (Special Issue on Facial Information Processing: Multidisciplinary Perspective) 8(1), 185–235 (2000)
Dailey, M.N., Cottrell, G.W., Adolphs, R.: A six-unit network is all you need to discover happiness. In: Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, pp. 101–106. Erlbaum, Mahwah (2000)
Rosenblum, M., Yacoob, Y., Davis, L.: Human expression recognition from motion using a radial basis function network architecture. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks 7(5), 1121–1138 (1996)
Stathopoulou, I.-O., Tsihrintzis, G.A.: A new neural network-based method for face detection in images and applications in bioinformatics. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Mathematical Methods in Scattering Theory and Biomedical Engineering, September 17-21 (2003)
Stathopoulou, I.-O., Tsihrintzis, G.A.: A neural network-based facial analysis system. In: 5th International Workshop on Image Analysis for Multimedia Interactive Services, Lisboa, Portugal, April 21-23 (2004)
Stathopoulou, I.-O., Tsihrintzis, G.A.: An Improved Neural Network-Based Face Detection and Facial Expression Classification System. In: IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics 2004, October 10-13. The Hague, The Netherlands (2004)
Stathopoulou, I.-O., Tsihrintzis, G.A.: Pre-processing and expression classification in low quality face images. In: 5th EURASIP Conference on Speech and Image Processing, Multimedia Communications and Services, Smolenice, Slovak Republic, June 29 – July 2 (2005)
Stathopoulou, I.-O., Tsihrintzis, G.A.: Evaluation of the Discrimination Power of Features Extracted from 2-D and 3-D Facial Images for Facial Expression Analysis. In: 13th European Signal Processing Conference, Antalya, Turkey, September 4-8 (2005)
Stathopoulou, I.-O., Tsihrintzis, G.A.: Detection and Expression Classification Systems for Face Images (FADECS). In: IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems (SiPS 2005), Athens, Greece, November 2–4 (2005)
Virvou, M., Alepis, E.: Mobile educational features in authoring tools for personalised tutoring. The journal Computers & Education (to appear, 2004)
Virvou, M., Katsionis, G.: Relating Error Diagnosis and Performance Characteristics for Affect Perception and Empathy in an Educational Software Application. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Human Computer Interaction (HCII) 2003, Crete, Greece, June 22-27 (2003)
Alepis, E., Virvou, M., Kabassi, K.: Affective student modeling based on microphone and keyboard user actions. In: 6th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies 2006 (ICALT 2006), pp. 139–141 (2006) ISBN:0-7695-2632-2
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Stathopoulou, I.O., Tsihrintzis, G.A. (2008). Comparative Performance Evaluation of Artificial Neural Network-Based vs. Human Facial Expression Classifiers for Facial Expression Recognition. In: Tsihrintzis, G.A., Virvou, M., Howlett, R.J., Jain, L.C. (eds) New Directions in Intelligent Interactive Multimedia. Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol 142. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68127-4_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68127-4_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-68126-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-68127-4
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)