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Analysis-by-Synthesis Speech Coding

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Springer Handbook of Speech Processing

Part of the book series: Springer Handbooks ((SHB))

Abstract

Since the early 1980s, advances in speech coding technologies have enabled speech coders to achieve bit-rate reductions of a factor of 4 to 8 while maintaining roughly the same high speech quality. One of the most important driving forces behind this feat is the so-called analysis-by-synthesis paradigm for coding the excitation signal of predictive speech coders. In this chapter, we give an overview of many variations of the analysis-by-synthesis excitation coding paradigm as exemplified by various speech coding standards around the world. We describe the variations of the same basic theme in the context of different coder structures where these techniques are employed. We also attempt to show the relationship between them in the form of a family tree. The goal of this chapter is to give the readers a big-picture understanding of the dominant types of analysis-by-synthesis excitation coding techniques for predictive speech coding.

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Abbreviations

ACELP:

algebraic code excited linear prediction

ADPCM:

adaptive differential pulse code modulation

AMR-WB:

wide-band AMR speech coder

APC:

adaptive predictive coding

CELP:

code-excited linear prediction

CS-ACELP:

conjugate structure ACELP

CS-CELP:

conjugate structure CELP

DSP:

digital signal processing

EVRC:

enhanced variable rate coder

FB-LPC:

forward backward linear predictive coding

FEC:

frame erasure concealment

FR:

filler rate

GSM:

Groupe Spéciale Mobile

IETF:

Internet Engineering Task Force

IS:

Itakura-Saito

ITU:

International Telecommunication Union

LD-CELP:

low-delay CELP

LPC:

linear predictive coding

LTP:

long term prediction

MIPS:

million instructions per second

MOPS:

million operations per second

MOS:

mean opinion score

MPEG:

Moving Pictures Expert Ggroup

MPLPC:

multipulse linear predictive coding

MSE:

mean-square error

NFC:

noise feedback coding

PCM:

pulse-code modulation

PDC:

personal digital cellular

PSI-CELP:

pitch synchronous innovation CELP

PSI:

pitch synchronous innovation

QMF:

quadrature mirror filter

RCELP:

relaxed CELP

RMS:

root mean square

RPE-LTP:

regular-pulse excitation with long-term prediction

SCTE:

Society of Cable Telecommunications Engineers

SMV:

selectable mode vocoder

SNR:

signal-to-noise ratio

TDAC:

time-domain aliasing cancelation

TDBWE:

time-domain bandwidth extension

TIA:

Telecommunications Industry Association

TPC:

transform predictive coder

TSNFC:

two-stage noise feedback coding

VMR-WB:

variable-rate multimode wide-band

VQ:

vector quantization

VSELP:

vector sum excited linear prediction

VoIP:

voice over IP

WMOPS:

weighted MOPS

ZIR:

zero-input response

ZSR:

zero-state response

eX-CELP:

extended CELP

iLBC:

internet low-bit-rate codec

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Broadcom Corp., 5300 California Avenue, 92617, Irvine, CA, USA

    Juin-Hwey Chen Ph.D

  2. Broadcom Corporation, 5300 California Avenue, 92617, Irvine, CA, USA

    Jes Thyssen Ph.D

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  1. Juin-Hwey Chen Ph.D
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Correspondence to Juin-Hwey Chen Ph.D or Jes Thyssen Ph.D .

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  1. INRS-EMT, University of Quebec, 800 de la Gauchetiere Ouest, H5A 1K6, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

    Jacob Benesty Dr.

  2. Avayalabs Research, 233 Mount Airy Road, 07920, Basking Ridge, NJ, USA

    M. Mohan Sondhi Ph.D.

  3. Alcatel-Lucent, Bell Laboratories, 600 Mountain Avenue, 07974, Murray Hill, NJ, USA

    Yiteng Arden Huang Dr.

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Chen, JH., Thyssen, J. (2008). Analysis-by-Synthesis Speech Coding. In: Benesty, J., Sondhi, M.M., Huang, Y.A. (eds) Springer Handbook of Speech Processing. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-49127-9_17

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